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Gross > Chapter 4- Back > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Back Flashcards

1
Q

What does the back consist of?

A
  • Skin
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • superficial and deep muscles
  • vertebral column
  • ribs
  • spinal cord/meninges
  • segmental nerves
  • blood vessels
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2
Q

What are the types of vertebrae and the number of each?

A
  • Cervical= 7
  • Thoracic= 12
  • Lumbar= 5
  • Sacrum= 5 (fused)
  • Coccyx= 3 or 4 (fused)
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3
Q

How many curvatures are there?

A

4

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4
Q

This type of curvature…

  • concaves anteriorly
  • Thoracic/Sacral
  • Primary
A

Kyphosis

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5
Q

This type of curvature…

  • concave posteriorly
  • cervical/lumbar
  • Secondary
A

Lordosis

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6
Q

Describe C1/C2 vertebrae

A

Atypical

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7
Q

Describe typical C3-6

A

-Small vertebral body
-Bifid spinous process
-Transverse foramen
Unicinate process
- C7–> vertebral prominens

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8
Q

Other characteristics of cervical vertebrae…

A
  • Almost horizontal orientation facets

- Permit much movement

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9
Q

What is the relative thickness of intervertebral disks of cervical vertebrae?

A

Relatively thick

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10
Q

Characteristics of the atlas

A
  • Ring shaped
  • Devoid of vertebral body
  • Devoid of spinous processes
  • Superior facet- concave
  • “Yes” movement
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11
Q

What joint is responsible for the “yes” movement?

A

Atlantooccipital joints

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12
Q

Characteristics of the axis

A
  • Dens (odontoid process)

- “No” movement

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13
Q

What joint is responsible for the “No” movement?

A

Atlantoaxial joint

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14
Q

Characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Heart shaped vertebral body
  • Spinous process slopes inferiorly
  • Contains costal facets
  • Vertical articular facets
  • Permit rotation
  • Permit limited flexion/extension/lateral bending
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15
Q

What are the costal facets?

A
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Transverse
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16
Q

What are the vertical articular facets?

A
  1. Coronal plane
  2. Superior (face posterior)
  3. Inferior (face anterior)
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17
Q

Characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A
  • Large vertebral bodies
  • stout processes
  • Vertical articular facets
  • Permit flex/ex/lateral rotation
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18
Q

Characteristics of the sacrum

A
  • Median crest
  • Intermediate crest
  • Lateral crest
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19
Q

What are the 2 types of foramina on the sacrum?

A

Anterior and Posterior

  • ->Ventral primary rami
  • -> Dorsal primary rami
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20
Q

What type of joint are the intervertebral joints?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joints

—> Symphyses

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21
Q

What type of joint are the vertebral arches?

A

Synovial “facet” joints

—> Zygapophyseial joints

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22
Q

What is the outer portion of the intervertebral disc called?

A

Annulus fibrosis

narrow posterior

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23
Q

What is the inner portion of the intervertebral disc called?

A

Nucleus pulposus

24
Q

Characteristics of nucleus pulposus (2)

A

Eccentric location

High water content

25
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral joints

A
  • Stabilize IV discs and vertebral bodies

- Limit excess flexion and extension

26
Q

This ligament goes from the sacrum to C2 and it is wide

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

27
Q

This ligament goes from the sacrum to C2, continues superiorly with tectoral membrane, more narrow, weak lateral aspect

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

28
Q

What are the 5 posterior ligaments?

A
  1. Flavum
  2. Supraspinous
  3. Nuchal
  4. Interspinous
  5. Intertansverse
29
Q

What types of movement do the cervical vertebrae permit

A
  • Flex
  • Extend
  • Laterally bending
  • Rotation
30
Q

T/F- There are no IV disks between C1 and C2?

A

True

31
Q

Which way does the spinous process slope on thoracic vertebrae?

A

Inferiorly

32
Q

What are the 3 types of costal facets on the thoracic vertebrae?

A
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Transverse
33
Q

What plane are the superior articular facets located on thoracic vertebrae?

A

Coronal Plane

34
Q

Which way do the superior articular facets of the thoracic vertebrae face?

A

Posterior

35
Q

Which way do the inferior articular facets of the thoracic vertebrae face?

A

Anterior

36
Q

What type of movement do thoracic vertebrae permit?

A

Rotation

-limited flex/ex/and lateral bending

37
Q

What 2 costal facets does the same rib hit on the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Superior and transverse costal facet

38
Q

What plane are the articular facets located on for lumbar vertebrae?

A

Sagittal plane

39
Q

What direction do the superior facets of lumbar vertebrae face?

A

Superiomedially

40
Q

What way do the inferior facets of lumbar vertebrae face?

A

Inferolaterally

41
Q

What types of movements can lumbar vertebrae permit?

A

Flex/Ex/Lateral flexion

-limited rotation

42
Q

What comes out of the anterior sacral foramina?

A

Ventral Primary Rami

43
Q

What comes out of the posterior sacral foramina?

A

Dorsal Primary Rami

44
Q

Do vertebrae S2 and down need to be weight bearing?

A

Nopeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

45
Q

What is the median crest of the sacrum equivalent to?

A

Spinous process

46
Q

What is the intermediate crest of the sacrum equivalent to?

A

Articular processes

47
Q

What is the lateral crest of the sacrum equivalent to?

A

Transverse processes

48
Q

What types of joints are the intervertebral joints?

A

Symphyses (second cartilaginous joints)

49
Q

What types of joints are the facet joints and what is their real name?

A

Synovial Planar Joints

-Zygopophyseal Joints

50
Q

Where are the uncovertebral joints located?

A

C3-C6 at the uncinated processes

51
Q

What is the outer portion of the intervertebral disk called?

A 
Annulus Fibrosus (outer)
-narrow
52
Q

What is the inner portion of the intervertebral disk called?

A

Nucleus Pulposus

53
Q

Characteristics of the nucleus pulposus

A
  • High water content

- Eccentric location

54
Q

What plane are the thoracic superior and inferior faces oriented in

A

Coronal

55
Q

What plane are the lumbar superior and inferior faces oriented in

A

Sagittal/median

Gross (45 decks)

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