Head Flashcards
What are the bones of the Neurocranium?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Sphenoidal
- Ethmoidal
What are the paired bones of the Viscerocranium? (5)
- Maxillae
- Inferior Nasal Conchae
- Zygomatic Bone
- Palatine
- Nasal
- Lacrimal
What are the unpaired bones of the Viscerocranium?
- Mandible
- Ethmoid
- Vomer
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
S-Skin C-Connective Tissue A- Aponeurosis L-Loose Areolar tissue P-Pericranium
Why do scalp lacerations bleed profusely?
-Very rich in vessels in the CT layer
What are the 2 layers of dura?
- Periosteal Layer
- Meningeal Layer
What dura makes up the falx?
Only Meningeal Dura
What layer are the facial muscles located in and why?
-All in the subcutaneous layer because there is no deep fascia on the face
Where is the exception to “no deep fascia on the face”
The temporal muscle
Besides muscles, what else is in the subcutaneous tissue?
- Loose CT
- Fat
- Nerves
What is the purpose of the facial muscles?
Expressions, communication, protecting eye
What are the 6 branches of CN 7 (facial) that do motor innervation to the face?
- Posterior auricular
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal Mandibular
- Cervical
What gland do the motor fibers of CN 7 travel through?
Parotid Gland
What 2 main nerves are cutaneous nerves of the face and head?
- Spinal Nerves
- Trigeminal Nerves
What are the 3 divisions of the Trigeminal Nerves
- Opthalamic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular`
T/F- All 3 divisions of trigeminal have general sensory branches
True
What branch of trigeminal has motor fibers?
Only V3
What are the branches of V1?
- Supra-orbital
- Supratrochlear
- Lacrimal
- Infratrochlear
- External Nasal
What are the branches of V2?
- Zygomaticotemporal
- Infra-orbital
- Zygomaticofacial
What are the branches of V3?
- Auriculotemporal
- Mental
- Buccal
What nerve innervates the meninges?
Trigeminal
What are the 2 branches off the internal carotid artery in the head?
- Supraorbital Artery
- Supratrochlear Artery
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?
- Inferior temporal m
- Pterygoid muscle
- Branches of V3 nerves (lingual and nerve to mylohyoid)
- Cordae tympani
- Maxillary artery (branch of external carotid artery
What does the maxillary artery supply?
Palates and teeth
What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
-Synovial- Modified hinge joint
What is the big picture job of the temporomandibular joint?
To always be between the temporal bone and the head of the mandible
What type of cartilage does the TMJ joint have?
Fibrocartilage
How many articular points does the TMJ joint have?
2- It has to slide forward before the hinge action can open the mouth wide
Since it is a synovial joint, what 2 things does it contain?
- Capsule
- Articular disc
How many synovial joints does the head contain?
2- only the TMJ joints
What types of joints does the rest of the body have?
Sutures
What are the 3 ligaments of the TMJ joint?
- Lateral ligament
- Stylomandibular ligament
- Sphenomandibular ligament
This ligament is derieved from the parotid capsule and attaches to the styloid process of the temporal bone and the superior portion of the angle of the mandible
Stylomandibular ligament
This ligament is used for antigravity support and attaches to the anterior surface of the lateral mandible
Sphenomandibular ligament
This ligament attaches to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the superior portion of the mandible.
Lateral Ligaments
Describe the basic movement of the TMJ joint when chewing
The superior portion glides forward until you are anterior to the tubercle then the jaw can be opened wide
What are the 4 masticatory muscles?
- Temporal
- Masseter
- Medial Pterygoid
- Lateral Pterygoid
How many bellies does the lateral pterygoid have?
2 bellies- a superior and inferior
Describe where they attach and their relationship to the TMJ joint
The superior belly attaches to the disk of the TMJ joint and the inferior belly attaches to the neck of the mandible
-This ensures that the disk and the mandible move together
What movement is the temporal muscle mainly for?
- Fibers elevate and retrude
What movement occurs if you pull the posterior fibers of the temporal muscle and the lateral pterygoid?
-You swing the jaw
Temporalis Muscle (O,I,A,IN)
O= floor of the temporal fossa I= Coronoid process of the mandible A= Elevates mandible and closes jaw (posterior fibers retract mandible) In= Mandibular Nerve (CN 5- V3)- Deep temporal branches
Masseter Muscle (O,I,A,IN)
O= Maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch I= Angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible A= Elevates mandible, closes the jaw In= Mandibular Nerve (CN 5, V3)-masseteric branches
Lateral Pterygoid (O,I,A,IN)
O= Crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid
- lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
I= Upper head- joint capsule of TMJ joint
Lower head- Pterygoid fovea on neck of the condyloid process of the mandible
A= Bilaterally- protracts mandible and depresses chin
Unilaterally- swings jaw toward contralateral side
IN=Mandibular Nerve (CN 5, V3)- Lateral pterygoid nerve
Medial Pterygoid (O,I,A,IN)
O= Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
-Tuberosity of maxilla
I= Medial surface of the ramus of mandible
A= Synergist to masseter
-Elevates mandible
Produces small grinding movements
IN= Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)- Medial Pterygoid Branch
This is the small area between the cheeks and the lips?
Oral vestibule
This area lies posteriomedially to the dental arches and includes them as well as the tongue
Oral Cavity Proper
What lies on the lips and inner cheeks?
Mucus membranes
Describe the palate
-Contains hard, soft and horizontal plate of the palatine bone
What is the blood supply for the oral cavity?
Branches of the maxillary (V2)
This lies between the palatoglossal and the palatopharyngeal fold and it is intermediate to the throat
Fauces
Where is the palatine tonsil located?
In the fauces
What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
T/F- The part of the tongue that is visible in the oral cavity proper is the dorsal aspect?
True
What is the innervation of…
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
Hypoglossal Nerve
What innervates the palatoglossis?
Vegas Nerve
What is the purpose of the intrinsic tongue muscles?
To change the shape of the tongue
