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Gross > Back Cont. > Flashcards

Back Cont. Flashcards

1
Q

This ligament joins the laminae of adjacent vertebral arches

A

Ligamentum flavum (pl)

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2
Q

This ligament runs from the sacrum to C7 on the spinous processes

A

Supraspinous Ligament

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3
Q

This ligament is continuous with the supraspinous ligament and it runs from C7 to the external occipital protuberance of the occipital bone

A

Nuchal Ligament

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4
Q

This ligament lies between the spinous processes and deep to the supraspinous ligament

A

Interspinous ligament

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5
Q

This ligament lies between the transverse processes

-it limits side bending to the opposite side

A

Intertransverse Ligament

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6
Q

What are the 5 ligaments that function to limit flexion?

A
  1. Ligamentum flavum
  2. Supraspinous ligament
  3. Nuchal Ligament
  4. Interspinous process
  5. Intertransverse Ligament
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7
Q

What are the craniovertebral joints?

A
  • Atlanto-occipital joints

- Atlanto-axial joint

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8
Q

Describe the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Between the occipital condyles and the superior articular facet of C1

  • Synovial Joint
  • -> Condyloid Joint
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9
Q

What movement is the atlanto-occipital joint responsible for?

A
  • Yes motion

- Slight lateral flexion

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10
Q

What are the 3 atlanto-axial joints?

A
  • 1 median atlanto-axial joint

- 2 lateral atlanto-axial joints

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11
Q

Describe the median atlanto-occipital joints

A
  • Synovial Joint

- -> Pivot (around the dens)

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12
Q

What movement can the median atlanto-occipital joints do?

A
  • no movement

- rotation of head

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13
Q

Describe the lateral atlanto-axial joints

A
  • 2 planar facet joints
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14
Q

What movement can the lateral atlanto-axial joints go?

A

-rotation of the head

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15
Q

This ligament runs on the anterior side of the vertebrae from the sacrum to C2

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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16
Q

This ligament is continuous with the anterior longitudinal ligament
- it runs from C2-C1

A

Anterior Atlanto-axial membrane

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17
Q

This ligament is continuous with the anterior longitudinal ligament
-it runs from C1 to the basilar part of the occipital bone

A

Anterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

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18
Q

This ligament runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

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19
Q

This ligament is continuous with the posterior longitudinal ligament and runs from C2 to the basilar part of the occipital bone

A

Tectorial Membrane

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20
Q

This ligament is continuous with the Ligamentum flavum and the posterior atlanto-axial membrane

A

Posterior atlanto-axial membrane

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21
Q

What type of movement does the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane limit?

A

Limits head flexion

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22
Q

What 2 ligaments make up the cruciate ligament?

A
  1. Transverse ligament of the atlas

2. Longitudinal Bands

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the cruciate ligament?

A

Holds C1 and C2 together

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24
Q

This ligament extends from the sides of the dens to the axis to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum

A

Alar ligaments

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25
Q

What is the purpose of the alar ligaments?

A

Attach the cranium to the C1 vertebra and act as check ligaments for preventing excessive rotation of the joints

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26
Q

How are typical vertebras supplied by blood?

A

By segmental arteries

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27
Q

Describe segmental arteries

A

Arteries that stem off of the vertebral artery and go up and down the spinal column

  • through anastomoses
  • provide redundancy (so if there is damage you can still deliver blood)
  • Paired and arise from the aorta and vertebral artery
28
Q

Where do spinal branches enter to reach the vertebral canal?

A

Enter the 4 foramina to reach the vertebral canal

29
Q

What does radicular arteries mean?

A

That the arteries follow the nerve roots and go to the spinal cord

30
Q

What does the term extrinsic back muscles mean?

A

Act on upper extremities

  • superficial and intermediate
  • limb and respiratory movements
31
Q

What does the term intrinsic back muscles mean?

A

Move vertebral column

  • deep
  • act on vertebral column
  • move vertebral column and posture
32
Q

What back muscles cause elevation of the scapula (4)

A
  1. Trapezius (descending part)
  2. Levator scapulae
  3. Rhomboids (major and minor)
33
Q

What back muscles cause depression of the scapula? (2)

A
  1. Latissimus dorsi

2. Trapezius (ascending part)

34
Q

What muscles cause protraction of the scapula? (1)

A
  1. Serratus anterior
35
Q

What back muscles cause retraction of the scapula? (3)

A
  1. Trapezius (middle part)
  2. Rhomboids
  3. Latissimus Dorsi
36
Q

What back muscles cause upward rotation of the scapula?

A
  1. Trapezius (descending part)

2. Trapezius (ascending part)

37
Q

What back muscles cause downward rotation of the scapula? (3)

A
  1. Levator scapulae
  2. Rhomboids
  3. Latissimus Dorsi
38
Q

What muscles are included in the erector spinae group?

A
  1. Iliocostalis
  2. Longissimus
  3. Spinalis
39
Q

What regions are included in the spinalis group?

A
  • Thoracis
  • Cervicis
  • Capitis
40
Q

What regions are included in the longissimus group?

A
  • Thoracis
  • Cervicis
  • Capitis
41
Q

What regions are included in the iliocostalis group?

A
  • Lumborum
  • Thoracis
  • Cervicis
42
Q

What is the main movement of the erector spinae group?

A
  • Bilateral- extensors of the back

- Unilateral-side flexion (ipsilaterally)

43
Q

How much do I love youuuuu?!

A

I love you times a million :)

44
Q

What muscles make up the transverospinalis group?

A
  • Multifidus
  • Semispinalis
  • Rotatores Longus and Brevis
  • Minor group (interspinalis, intertransversarii, and levatores costarum)
45
Q

What muscles are included in the suboccipital region?

A
  • Rectus capitus posterior major
  • -Rectus capitus posterior minor
  • Obliquus capitus inferior
  • Obliquus capitus superior
46
Q

What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • Rectus capitus posterior major
  • Obliquus capitus inferior
  • Obliquus capitus superior
47
Q

What is between the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • Vertebral artery

- Suboccipital nerve

48
Q

What is the action of the 4 suboccipital muscles

A
  • Keep head level

- Move atlanto-axial and -occipital joints

49
Q

Approximately where is the occipital artery?

A

On the external part of the occipital bone

50
Q

Approximately where is the greater occipital nerve?

A

Superior to C2

51
Q

This starts at the foramen magnum but doesn’t pass through it

A

Spinal cord

52
Q

This ends at the foramen magnum but doesn’t pass through ot

A

Medulla oblongata

53
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

The conus medullaris- about L1 level (in newborns it is around L2 or L3)

54
Q

What are the 2 enlargements?

A
  • Cervical

- Lumbosacral

55
Q

Why do we have a cervical enlargement?

A

Reflects the density of the innervation for the upper limb

56
Q

Why do we have a lumbosacral enlargement?

A

Reflects the density of the innervation of the lower limb

57
Q

What are the vertebrae included in the cervical enlargement?

A

C4-T1

58
Q

What are the vertebrae included in the lumbar enlargement?

A

T11-S1

59
Q

These are nerve fibers that exit/enter the spinal cord to and from a peripheral spinal nerve

A

Spinal root

60
Q

What leads into the roots?

A

Rootlets

61
Q

This is the area of the cord defined by attachment of rootlets from only one spinal nerve

A

Spinal cord segment

62
Q

Describe the direction that the posterior ramus travels and what does it innervate?

A

Exits the spinal cord and travels along the posterior and lateral part of the ribs
-innervates the skin, muscles, and joints of the back

63
Q

Describe the direction that the anterior ramus travels and what does it innervate?

A

Travels on the interior side of the ribs and goes to the front of the body
-Branches into lateral cutaneous branch and anterior cutaneous branch

64
Q

What does the spinal nerve wrapping around represent?

A

A dermatome

65
Q

What are the 3 meninges?

A
  • Dura Mater
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Pia Mater
66
Q

What are the 3 spaces?

A
  • Extra dural
  • Subdural
  • Subarachnoid
67
Q

What are the muscles that make up the minor group of the transversospinal group (3)

A
  1. Interspinalis
  2. Intertransversarii
  3. Levatores costarum

Gross (45 decks)

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