Unit 9: Important Concepts Flashcards
Military-industrial complex
Created by Dwight D. Eisenhower in his farewell speech. A cooperative relationship between nation’s military, economy, and politics.
Containment
A foreign policy developed by diplomat George Kennan that claimed that the only way to stop Russia and expansionist ways was to contain it.
McCarthyism
Practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence. Made by McCarthy because of is methods of accusing people of being communists.
38th Parallel
The dividing line between North and South Korea, across which the fighting between communists and United Nations forces ebbed and flowed during the Korean War
Balance of Terror
It was the equality between destructive ability between America and the Soviet Union and it was what prevented a nuclear war from breaking out.
U-2 incident
The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane spying on people. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States.
The Other America-Poverty in America- Michael Harrington
Books that caused driving force behind the “war on poverty.”
Conformity
Strong patriotism and need to conform to try to avoid blame during red scare, non-churchgoers, unmarried, and critics suspected as communists
Beatnik
A group of rebellious writers and intellectuals. They advocated spontaneity, use of drugs, and rebellion against social standards.
New Frontier
The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
Cold War
Sustained state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States with NATO and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in Warsaw Pact)
“Massive retaliation”
The concept that once someone started fighting (Soviet Union or America), massive retaliation would follow the first attack. Considering attacks would involve nukes, it basically meant world distruction
Iron Curtian
Concept created by Winston Churchill. It was the referring to the rise of communism there as satellite nations under the USSR
White Flight
The sociological and demographic term denoting a trend wherein whites leave urban communities as the minority population increases
Desegregation
The integration of blacks and whites into schools, jobs, and public facilities
ICBM’s
Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile. Gave Soviet Union the ability to bomb almost any part of the world within a very short period of time. It caused a feeling of uneasiness to spread around the world.
Levittowns
Utilized mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in suburban NY to relieve postwar housing shortage; became symbol of movement to suburbs; conformity of houses; diverse communities; home for lower-middle class families
Shopping centers
Created to accommodate all the new suburbs that people could reach by car.
“beat” Generation
Group of American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, and also the cultural phenomena that they wrote about and inspired. Included a rejection of mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern spirituality
United Nations
International body formed to bring nations into dialogue in hopes of preventing further world wars; much like the former League of Nations in ambition, it was more realistic in recognizing the authority of the Big Five Powers in keeping peace in the world, thus guaranting veto power to all permant members of its Security Council (Britian, China, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States)
Truman Doctrine
Stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. Stopping the spread of the sphere of communist influence.
Fair Deal
Domestic reform proposals of the second Truman administration (1949-53); included civil rights legislation and repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, but only extensions of some New Deal programs were enacted.
Integration
The integration of blacks and whites into schools, jobs, and public facilities
Massive Resistance
Southerners reacted to desegregation with this. They worked through local governments and organizations to obstruct desegregation. Produced delays.
Suburbs
Policies of the Federal government in the post-World War II era, such as the building of an efficient network of roads, highways and superhighways, and the underwriting of mortgages for suburban one-family homes made suburbs grow.
The “organization” man
Written by William Whyte; attacked the way businesses wanted every employee to be just like the others to keep any individual from dominating or being a threat
Modern Republicanism
Eisenhower’s government plan: “conservative when it comes to economics, more Liberal when it comes to social programs “
