Unit 10: Important Concepts

Question 1

War on Poverty

Answer 1

Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty in his 1964 State of the Union address. The Office of Economic Opportunity oversaw a variety of programs to help the poor, including the Job Corps and Head Start.

Question 2

Black Power

Answer 2

Racial slogan that signaled a growing challenge to King’s non-violent civil rights movement by militant younger blacks

Question 3

Credibility Gap

Answer 3

A lack of popular confidence in the truth of the claims or public statements made by the federal government, large corporations, politicians, etc.

Question 4

Inflation

Answer 4

A decrease in the value of money in relation to goods, causes prices to rise. A cause was from the increase and scarcity of oil/gas.

Question 5

Wage & Price Freeze

Answer 5

Nixon imposed a 90 day wage and price freeze to stimulate exports he took U.S. off gold standard and devaluing the $.

Question 6

Enemies List

Answer 6

the nickname given to the group of people singled out by the Nixon administration in the early 1970s for harassment and prosecution by government agencies

Question 7

Detente

Answer 7

Nixon-Ford-Kissinger policy of seeking relaxed tensions with the Soviet Union through trade and arms limitation.

Question 8

Energy Crisis

Answer 8

When Carter entered office inflation soared, due to the increases in energy prices by OPEC. Instability in the Middle East produced a major fuel shortage in the US, and OPEC announced a major price increase. Carter retreated to Camp David & Carter emerged with a speech including a series of proposals for resolving the energy crisis.

Question 9

“Supply-Side” economics

Answer 9

The economic theory of “Reaganomics” that emphasized cutting taxes and government spending in order to stimulate investment, productivity, and economic growth by private enterprise

Question 10

International Economy

Answer 10

Mass consumer economy with heavy machinery and automobile corporations. Technology has become and industry in itself. Business transactions in different areas of the world much easier. More involved with foreign trade.

Question 11

Anti-war movement

Answer 11

The Anti-War Movement was a student protest that started as the Free Speech movement in California and spread around the world. Opposition to war in Vietnam and condemned U.S. presence there. They claimed this was violating Vietnam’s rights. This movement resulted in growing activism on campuses aimed at social reform etc. Primarily a middle-class movement.

Question 12

Great Society

Answer 12

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Question 13

Flexible Response

Answer 13

the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons

Question 14

Dirty Tricks

Answer 14

CREEP raised money in secretive, unethical, or unlawful ways. “Dirty tricks” were a party of the campaign which included espionage, sabotage, and fake documents against Democratic candidates in 1972.

Question 15

Affirmative Action

Answer 15

Policies of the government aimed at increasing access to jobs, schooling, and oppurtunities to people previously discriminated against…Bakke vs. Board of Regents

Question 16

Recession of 1982

Answer 16

economic downturn in the early 1980s that led to “Reaganomics”

Question 17

“Glass Ceiling”

Answer 17

The invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations

Question 18

Executive Privilege

Answer 18

This policy came into effect during the Nixon administration when members of the executive branch were being questioned by authorities. The policy stated that Congress could not question any of the past or present employees about any topic without the president’s approval.

Question 19

Combodian Incursion

Answer 19

The Cambodian Campaign (also known as the Cambodian Incursion and the Cambodian Invasion) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during mid-1970 by the United States and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. These invasions were a result of the policy of President Richard Nixon. A total of 13 major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) between 29 April and 22 July and by US forces between 1 May and 30 June.

Question 20

Republican Resurgence

Answer 20

The unpopularity of President Johnson’s Great Society, rising crime, radical campus protests, and racial riots coupled with the coattail effect of popular Governor George W. Romney at the top of the state ticket all led to a downturn for the Democratic Party. The Republicans succeeded in recapturing the five districts they lost. Nationally the Republicans gained 47 seats from the Democrats in the House.

Question 21

Deficit Spending

Answer 21

The English economist John Maynard Keynes proposed that governments cut taxes and
increase spending in order to stimulate investment and consumption. The effect was to
increase the deficit because more money was spent than was taken in.

Question 22

Counterculture

Answer 22

A rebellion of teens and young adults against mainstream American society in the 1960s

Question 23

LSD

Answer 23

Timothy Leary, Harvard psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use as a way to open and expand the mind, became a well-known advocate of their use

Question 24

Peaceful Conexistence

Answer 24

foreign policy and was adopted by Soviet-influenced “Communist states” that they could peacefully coexist with the capitalist

Question 25

Nixon Doctrine

Answer 25

Created during the Vietnam War. Stated that the US would honor its existing defense commitments, but in the future other countries would have to fight their own wars without support of American troops.

Question 26

Reverse Deicrimiantion

Answer 26

The assertion that affirmative action programs that require preferential treatment for minorities discriminate against those who have no minority status., Giving preference to members of certain groups such that others feel they are the subjects of discrimination, The act of giving preference to members of protected classes to the extent that unprotected individuals believe they are suffering discrimination.

Question 27

AIDS

Answer 27

Huge deadly outbreak in the ’70s started with gay men and was labeled the “gay plague” but soon began to affect drug users, hemophiliacs, and minorities. Expensive to treat, no cure. C Everett Koop caused government to spend 1.3 billion on AIDS assistance.

Question 28

Vietnamization

Answer 28

Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration during the Vietnam War to end the U.S.’ involvement in the war and “expand, equip, and train South Vietnam’s forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops”.

Question 29

Reaganomics

Answer 29

Reagan’s theory that if you cut taxes, it will spur the growth of public spending and improve the economy. It included tax breaks for the rich, “supply-side economics,” and “trickle down” theory.

Question 30

New immigration

Answer 30

Term for most post-1880 newcomers who came to America primarily from southern and eastern Europe

Question 31

“Evil Empire”

Answer 31

“Evil Empire” was a term that president Ronald Reagan used to describe the Soviet Empire, it was a phrase he coined during one of the speeches of his presidency.

Question 32

Arms for Hostages

Answer 32

His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. Ronald Reagan was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns.

Question 33

War on Drugs

Answer 33

Started under President Nixon in 1971. campaign of prohibition and foreign military aid being undertaken by the United States government, with the assistance of participating countries, intended to both define and reduce the illegal drug trade.

Question 34

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Answer 34

Popularly known as “Star Wars,” President Reagan’s SDI proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled, anti-missile defense system capable of destroying enemy missiles in outer spaced. Critics claimed that SDI could never be perfected.

Question 35

Sunbelt/Rustbelt

Answer 35

Sunbelt: This region consists of a broad band of states running across the South from Florida to Texas, extending west and north to include California and the Pacific Northwest. Beginning in the 1970s, this area experienced rapid economic growth and major gains in population.
Rustbelt: Urban areas in New England and Middle West characterized by concentrations of declining industries (steel or textiles).

Question 36

Electronic Revolution

Answer 36

The information economy brought the large use of computers to America. The silicon chip, made in 1959, is a small one quarter of an inch square that can hold incredible amounts of information. This is called a microchip