Unit 6: Important Groups

Question 1

Liberal Republicans

Answer 1

Founded in 1872. Formed in response to the corruption of the US government, opposition to military reconstruction. Chose Horace Greeley as their presidential candidate.

Question 2

Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange)

Answer 2

The Grange, was organized in 1867 by Oliver H. Kelley. Enhance the lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities.

Question 3

Knights of Labor

Answer 3

1869 Labor Union where all people except bankers, lawyers, stock brokers, doctors, gamblers, and manufacturers were not allowed. Permitted blacks, females and associations and individuals. They were “producers” together in one union fighting to transform society as a whole (more than just wages and working conditions). Leader: Terrence Powderly

Question 4

Union Pacific Railroad

Answer 4

Half of the transcontinental railroad that began in the East in competition with the Central Pacific Rail Road that started in the West. Funded using pacific railway act of 1862.

Question 5

Standard Oil Company

Answer 5

Owned by Rockefeller who continued to expand his business using horizontal integration. He acquired more businesses that implemented cheaper operating costs with production on a larger scale. Market control over treatment or workers, product, and distributors.

Question 6

“Molly Maguires”

Answer 6

Molly Maguires was a secret society composed mainly of Irish and Irish American coal miners.

Question 7

American Protective Association

Answer 7

An American anti-Catholic secret society established in 1887 by American Protestants. It was strongest in the Midwest, and came under heavy attack from Democrats

Question 8

Tweed Ring

Answer 8

Corrupt New York City political strategy led by “Boss” Tweed. Used bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections. 1871, the New York Times published evidence of Tweed’s corruption and illegal activities, leading to his arrest and conviction.

Question 9

Central Pacific Railroad

Answer 9

Half of the transcontinental railroad that began in the West in competition with the Union Pacific Rail Road that started in the East. Funded using pacific railway act of 1862.

Question 10

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 10

Lead by Samuel Gompers, represented skilled workers unions across nation. Cannot break a strike w/no replacement. Only concerned w/wages and working conditions.

Question 11

WCTU

Answer 11

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union was the first mass organization among women. Social reform with reform strategies based on applied Christianity.

Question 12

The “Solid South”

Answer 12

The electoral support of the Southern United States for Democratic Party candidates in 1877. Majority of local and state officeholders in the South were Democrats.

Question 13

Whiskey Ring

Answer 13

A scandal involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, republican politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors.

Question 14

Farmer’s Alliance

Answer 14

Organization was to end the adverse effects of the crop-lien system, supported the government regulation of the transportation industry, establishment of an income tax to restrict speculative profits. Became involved with the populists.

Question 15

U.S. Steel

Answer 15

Owned by Carnegie who grew the business using vertical integration by acquiring materials that make the process and controlling every step of the process, including distribution channels, larger profits.

Question 16

Hull House

Answer 16

A settlement house created in 1889 by by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr open to recently arrived European immigrants. The concept continued to grow.

Question 17

Populists

Answer 17

The People’s party, represented Westerners and Southerners who believed that U.S. economic policy favored Eastern businessmen instead of the nation’s farmers. Wanted to nationalize the railroads, create a graduated income tax, and unlimited coinage of silver.