Unit 10: Important Events Flashcards

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1
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Passed by LBJ, outlawed public segreg and discrim, forbade racial discrim in the workplace

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2
Q

Tet Offensive

A

1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment

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3
Q

Pueblo Incident

A

In January 1968 during the Vietnam War the North Koreans seized the “Pueblo”, a U.S. intelligence ship, evidently in international waters. They imprisoned the crew of some eighty men for eleven months. This episode stirred American anger, but provoked no military response.

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4
Q

China Recognition

A

America’s Recongnition of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1979

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5
Q

Watergate Break-in

A

bungled burglary had occurred in the Democratic headquarters, located in the Watergate apartment-office complex in Washington. They were working for the Republican Committee for the Re-election of the President

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6
Q

SALT & SALT II

A

Treaty signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the USSR. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation. SALT II on June 18, 1977 to cut back the weaponry of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. because it was getting too competitive. Set limits on the numbers of weapons produced

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7
Q

Iranian Revolution

A

(1978-1979) a revolution against the shah of Iran, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic, the revolution that transformed Iran from a monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Mullahs (religious leaders) overthrow the US backed Shah and establish a theocracy (religious government) that hated the US

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8
Q

Watergate Scandal

A

A scandal which exposed lies and involvement in the Watergate case of burglary of the national Democratic party headquarters; wrapped up Nixon and the White House in a lot of scandals.

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9
Q

War Powers Act

A

This act stated that the president must report to Congress within 2 days of putting troops in danger in a foreign country, and there would be a 60 to 90 day limit for over seas troop presence.

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10
Q

Camp David Accords

A

The Camp David Accords were the peace accords signed by Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat to finally end the Israeli-Egyptian disputes. The achievement by Carter is considered his greatest achievement in office.

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11
Q

Mayaguez

A

Peace time military rescue operation conducted by US armed forces against Cambodia.

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12
Q

1980 Olympic Boycott

A

As a result of the Afghanistan invasion in 1979, an American boycott was declared against the 1980 summer Olympics held in Moscow

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13
Q

Grenada Invasion

A

Ronald Reagan dispatched a heavy- fire- power invasion force to the island of Grenada, where a military coup had killed the prime minister and brought Marxists to power —-Americans captured the island quickly demonstrating Reagan’s determination to assert the dominance of the US in the Carribbean

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14
Q

Tiananmen Square

A

Was a suppression of Chinese democrats by the PLA. It caused much condemning from western nations including the U.S.

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15
Q

Panama Invasion

A

Ordered by Bush in December 1989 to remove the autocratic General Manuel Noriega. The said purpose of the invasion was to stop Noriega from using the country as a “drug pipeline” to the US.

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16
Q

Bakke V. Regents of the University of Cali

A

1978, reverse discrimination. US court case in which Bakke was denied to University of California Medical School twice to people less qualified based on race. Case determined that affirmative action is legal as long as filling quotas is not used.

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17
Q

24th Amendment

A

1964
Poll tax abolished.
Congress has the power to enforce this via legislation.

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18
Q

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

A

United States President Lyndon B. Johnson said that North Vietnamese forces had twice attacked American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. Second attack never really happened or was exaggerated greatly

19
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War.

20
Q

Operation Rolling Thunder

A

Aerial bombardment campaign conducted against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 2 March 1965 until 1 November 1968, during the Vietnam War.

21
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war.

22
Q

CREEP

A

Richard Nixon’s committee for re-electing the president. Found to have been engaged in a “dirty tricks” campaign against the democrats in 1972.

23
Q

October War

A

This was a war fought by Israel and neighboring Arab nations where the Arabs launched a surprise attack. U.S. support for Israel during the war led to OPEC boycotting the U.S., creating an energy crisis.

24
Q

Alaska Pipeline

A

Built in 1975 along the pipeline to Valdez, it was an above-ground pipe 4 feet in diameter used to pump oil from the vast oil fields of northern Alaska to the tanker station in Valdez Bay where the oil was put aboard ships for transport to refineries in the continental U.S.

25
Q

Kent State Killings

A

shooting of students(protesting invasion of cambodia) by members of the Ohio National Guard

26
Q

26th Amendment

A

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

27
Q

Roe vs. Wade

A

1973 All state laws prohibiting abortions were made unconstitutional based on a woman’s right to privacy

28
Q

USSR-Afghan War

A

(1979, Jimmy Carter); purpose-restore pro-Soviet regime; destroyed hopes of Detente and hardened the relations between the US and the Soviet Union; effect- US placed an embargo on the shipment of grain to the Soviet Union

29
Q

Balanced Budget Act

A

Balanced Budget Act tried to completely eliminate the defecit, ultimately passed, extended, and eventually failed

30
Q

ADA (disabilities)

A

Americans with Disabilities Act, prohibited discrimination of Americans with physical or mental disabilities, part of Bush’s work for a “kinder, gentler America”

31
Q

Berlin Wall Opening

A

The Berlin Wall was eventually chipped away, into smaller pieces (some the size of a coin and others in big slabs). The pieces have become collectibles and are stored in both homes and museums.

After the Berlin Wall came down, East and West Germany reunified into a single German state on October 3, 1990.

32
Q

Operations Desert Shield & Desert Storm (Kuwait)

A

Originally called Operation desert Shield. The operation changed to Operation Desert Storm when allies of the U.S. attacked Iraq with cruise missiles.

33
Q

Voting Rights Act

A

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.

34
Q

Free Speech Movement

A

Led by Mario Savio it protested on behalf of students rights. It spread to colleges throughought the country discussing unpopular faculty tenure decisions, dress codes, dormitory regulations, and appearances by Johnson administration officials.

35
Q

1968 Democratic Convention

A

Held in a hotel in Chicago where delegates voted down a peace resolution and seemed ready to nominate John’s former vice, Hubert Humphrey, when protesters gathered for a rally outside. Police beat/arrested them to break up the crowd as the violence was caught on film. The Democrats still elected Humphrey.

36
Q

25th Amendment

A

If the president dies, resigns, or is impeached, the VP will become president.
If the VP office is vacant, the president will nominate a VP, who will take office after a majority vote in House and Senate.
If the president is disable, the VP will serve for him.
Procedure for disqualifying or requalifying president established.

37
Q

ABM Treaty

A

(anti-ballistic missile treaty) which limit each nation to 2 cluster of defensive missles and the SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) which freeze # of long-range missles for five years also lessened tension, but the U.S. also went ahead with its new MIRV (Multiple Independently-targeted Reentry Vehicles) missiles, which could overcome any defense by overwhelming it with a plethora of missiles; therefore, the U.S.S.R. did the same.

38
Q

Energy Crisis

A

when Carter entered office inflation soared, due to toe the increases in energy prices by OPEC. In the summer of 1979, instability in the Middle East produced a major fuel shortage in the US, and OPEC announced a major price increase. Facing pressure to act, Carter retreated to Camp David, the presidential retreat in the Maryland Mountains. Ten days later, Carter emerged with a speech including a series of proposals for resolving the energy crisis.

39
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A

created to protect nature, as well as OSHA, or the Occupational Health and Safety Administration.

40
Q

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

A

declared full constitutional equality for women. Although it passed both houses of Congress in 1972, a concerted grassroots campaign by anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly persuaded enough state legislatures to vote against ratification. The amendment failed to become part of the Constitution.

41
Q

Iranian Hostage Crisis

A

The 444 days in which American embassy workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries after young Muslim fundamentalists overthrew the oppressive regime of the American-backed shah, forcing him into exile. These revolutionaries triggered an energy crisis by cutting off Iranian oil. The crisis began when revolutionaries stormed the American embassy, demanding that the United States return the shah to Iran for trial. The episode was marked by botched diplomacy and failed rescue attempts by the Carter Administration. After permanently damaging relations between the two countries, the crisis ended with the hostage’s release the day Ronald Reagan became president

42
Q

Iran-Contra Affair

A

Scandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected.

43
Q

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

A

The Drug Enforcement Administration was created by President Richard Nixon through an Executive Order in July 1973 in order to establish a single unified command to combat “an all-out global war on the drug menace.” At its outset, DEA had 1,470 Special Agents and a budget of less than $75 million. Today, the DEA has nearly 5,000 Special Agents and a budget of $2.02 billion.