Nice to Know Flashcards
John Peter Zegner
Printer, he published a series of articles about the Royal governor being corrupt and charged for libel in court, it was against the law at the time. The jury voted him innocent.
Albany Congress
Meet of representatives from the northern 7 colonies: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Met daily in Albany, NY with 150 Iroquois Chiefs from June 19th to July 11, 1754. Discussed better relations with the Indian tribes and common defensive measures against the French. Focused on treaties, before focus on creating America.
Bacon’s Rebellion
A product of mistrust in the gentry and the want of wealth by one Bacon, along with mistrust with the Indians and what the people wanted to do. The governor didn’t do a counterattack, to presumably protect his own interests, so a civil war between Bacon and Berkley over what they should do for the situation, and was a directionless sort of war between the two sects, leading to the burning down of Jamestown.
The Great Awakening
This was the great spiritual increase across America and Europe, Puritan increase of thinking and spiritualism was ushered in more through charismatic and far reaching preachers bringing more ideas across the colonies.
Proclamation of 1763
Drew a line at the Appalachian mountains saying settlers can’t cross it, created after acquisition of Canada, to stabilize relations with Indians after tensions between them with the whole war they had been thrust into.
Regulator Movement (NC)
Gentry revolting against the corrupt upper class, was a direct movement toward removing some of the corruption in the government, was considered one of the first steps of the revolution, with the same people standing up to the smaller government was similar to standing up to the revolution.
A Model of Christian Charity
Sermon delivered by John Winthrop while aboard the Arbella, which laid out the religious virtues of the new colony.
Sinners in the Hands of a Angry God
This was one of the sermons given by Jonathan Edwards during the Great Awakening. This was said during the climax of Edwards’ movement, reminding the congregation of the reality of hell.
Phyllis Wheatley
A black woman who was purchased by the Wheatley family and became a very famous poet, and she was praised by many, including George Washington.
Anne Bradstreet
The first poet and first female writer in the British North American colonies to be published. Her first volume of poetry was The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, published in 1650. It was met with a positive reception in both the Old World and the New World.
Denial Shays
led a rebellion because farmers were unable to pay in Continental Dollars and banks were foreclosing farms in Massachusetts.
Citizen Genet
He was a French statesman who came to America in search of monetary aid. He asked for private donations to France and recruited American privateers (pirates plundering for another country).
Midnight Judges
federalists appointed by Adams late in his presidency to secure federalist power after the election
Nullification
States nullifying laws by the fact that if they deem it unconstitutional and something outside of the governments jurisdiction.
States’ Rights
A states own powers to enforce on things that aren’t specifically declared already in the federal law. They are overwritten again by federal law.
Shay’s Rebellion
An armed uprising that took place in central and western Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787. Prompted by financial difficulties of the depressed economy and lack of standard currency. Shut down county courts in the later months of 1786 to stop the judicial hearings for tax and debt collection.
Whiskey Rebellion
Bunch of people who made Whiskey in Pennsylvania were angry with the tax, so they staged a rebellion. Federalists wanted nothing of this, and Washington and a 15000 person army went to stop the rebellion, which when they reached there, was a loony and a simpleton, so they were pardoned and lost a lot of votes for Federalists.
Jay Treaty
John Jay was sent to make a treaty with Britain to remove forts, pay for ships that were taken in West Indies, improved commercial relations, accept Amer. neutral rights. Compromise w/British, pay for pre-revolutionary dept, not mention the slaves they took from south. Angered the capital and treaty rights taken from senate
XYZ Affair
The French where angry with the US about the Jay treaty between them and the British, so they where acting all pissy and stealing ships. US diplomats visited France, but the french wanted a bribe in order to start negotiations, and US was like “fuck that” and left. this spawned the America quote,”millions for defense but not a penny in tribute”
Meriwether Lewis
With Clark, 1st American expedition to cross West. Acquire land before British, study, trade w/Indians. Set a trail for access to west.
James Madison
Oversaw L Purchase, Lead into the war of 1812, wanted to end the influence of the British among their Indian allies. Supported the three-fifths compromise
Gag Resolution
Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives
South Carolina Exposition
Southern state threatening to seceded if they thought stuff was unconstitutional, lead by Calhoun.
Era of Good Feelings
a desire for unity in the US, saw the destruction for the federalist party, closely associated with Monroe presidency.
Louisiana Purchase
the purchase of a massive chunk of territory from the french after their defeat in the Haitian rebellion. doubled the size of the country and left only us, Spain, and Britain in north america.
Arthur and Lewis Tappan
supported abolitionism and anti slavery with a ton of money
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
argued against slavery at its very core, that it went completely against american ideals and we should entirely remove it now and forever
Free Soil Party
Political party that appealed primarily to northern fears about the expansion of slavery. Opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories.
“Positive Good”
Belief that slavery is good, slaves are content and loyal to masters. Transformation of the “necessary evil” as a counterargument to the anti-slavery north.
The Liberator
First Anti-slavery Newspaper created by Garrison, openly expresses abolitionist beliefs
“Higher Law”
Senator William Seward’s doctrine that slavery should be excluded from the territories as a contrary to a divine moral law standing above even the Constitution
“Freeport Doctrine”
Stated that exclusion of slavery in a territory (where it was legal) could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. Stated by Stephen Douglass during the Lincoln-Douglass debates, eventually led to his loss in the 1860 presidential election.
Lecompton Constitution
pro-slavery constitution suggested for Kansas’ admission to the union, it was resoundingly rejected. Led to increased sectional tensions
The Impending Crisis of the South
This document urged lower-class southern whites to resist planter dominance and abolish slavery in their own best interests. Book by Hinton Helper
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858 a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate and Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. Douglas faltered when he lost support of the south by proposing the free port doctrine.
Ostend Manifesto
Suggestion to buy Cuba from Spain or take over for an attempt to get more slave territory. North outraged.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Pretty much waldo, popping up wherever he damn well pleases, owned all the steamboats and presumabely the parallel railroad line, need confirmation on that.
Henry George
Created Georgism, a tax system where it was based on how much people own in land, and was a system that would be fairer to everyone.
Jacob S. Coxey
Marched a group of people to their arrest for trespassing, what a dingus.
Mother Jones
Mary Harris Jones was a labor organizer. Fought for coal workers’ rights by speaking in Appalachian mining towns, encouraging them to join unions. She also fought for child labor laws.
Horizontal integration
A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. An act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth.
Interlocking directorate
A process of buying out competition and placing officers from one’s own banking house on their boards of directors. it ensured future harmony among the rival enterprises.
Vertical integration
was pioneered by tycoon Andrew Carnegie. It is when you combine into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. This makes supplies more reliable and improved efficiency. It controlled the quality of the product at all stages of production.
Ghost Dance
A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux. The Ghost Dance led to the Dawes Severalty Act
Yellow Dog Contact
an agreement some companies forced workers to take that forbade them from joining a union. This was a method used to limit the power of unions, thus hampering their development.
Comstock Lode
a massive lode of silver ore dicovered in virginia
Homestead Steel Strike
Sketchy strike where the pinkertons and strikers like killed almost a hundred of each other as there was confusion and violence between the union and the officials. Killed the union.
Eugene V. Debs
Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. In prison, he read Socialist literature emerged as a Socialist leader
Alice Paul
leader of the National Woman’s Party and the Congressional Union, campaigned for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution
Hiram Johnson
elected Republican governor of California in 1910; helped break the grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics, then set up a political machine of his own
Little Brown Brothers
What we considered our foreign brothers in the Philippines and our little colonial buddies. Also “brothers” we considered them like little schoolkids I mean blatant racism amirite?
Yellow Journalism
journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
Spheres of Influence
In international affairs, the territory where a powerful state exercises the dominant control over weaker states or territories
Elkins Act
allows the ICC to impose fines on the railroad for offering to carry some peoples stuff for less money.
Open Door Notes
essentially china was divided up into areas that could be traded with by only one country. america thought that sucked, so we came up with this policy, everyone can trade with everyone
Mann-Elkins Act
extends the ICC powers to regulate telocomunication industry. also increased the ICC powers over railroads.
The Sussex Pledge
Made Germany promise to be super nice about killing people with submarines. It was after they bombed the Sussex ship and Wilson made them sign this pledge.
Zimmerman Note
the note sent from germany to mexico asking them to join the war on the side of germany. germany wanted US to be forced to fight a war in their homeland to keep them from getting involved in the war. the note is what finally brought the US into the war.
Philippine insurection
the phillipine revoloution against the US after we got their islands from the spanish in the spanish american war.
War Industries Board
a board that essentially took over the various industries of the country in order to turn them into war manufacturies.
Espionage/Sedition Acts
espionage-cant talk shit about the army/interfere with recruitment or operations. pretty much directly anti free speech.
sedition-extended espionage to cover talking crap about the military or expressing anti war opinions.
Francis Perkins
First woman appointed to the cabinet. Dealt with a lot of labor and work stuff during the new deal.
John T. Scopes
Teacher advocating evolution and got arrested or in trouble or some shit FUCKING MONKEY CASES
Roosevelt Coalition
all of the various groups that voted for Roosevelt
Buying on Margin
Allowed people to borrow most of the cost of the stock, making down payments as low as 10 percent. Help start Great Depression
Black Friday
a stock market crash, the most devastating stock crash in US history, kicked off the great depression.
Bonus Army
world war 1 veterans who marched on washington DC to protest not being paid their bonuses from the war. happened during the depression
Federal Housing Authority (FHA)
made it easier for middle income Americans to get loans for homes by encouraging bakes to give loans
Public Works Admin (PWA)
Goal of job creation. Oversee and fund state-response building projects. Tunnels, bridges, water, sewage systems
Japanese Internment
the placing of japanese americans into camps to prevent them from aiding japan and sabotaging the US. total dick move by us.
US v. Butler
taxes under AAA were unconstitutional, there for AAA is unconstitutional. Invade rights of states to regulate and control agricultural production.
Atlantic Charter
Defined the Allies major goals for the war and how they did it.
James Meredith
First black student admitted to the University of Mississippi, shot during a civil rights march in 1966
Nikita Khurshechev
Stalin’s successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with him, France and Great Britain in Geneva, Switzerland in July, 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved.
Benjamin Spock
was an American pediatrician whose book” Baby and Child Care”, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Its revolutionary message to mothers was that “you know more than you think you do.”
Ngo Diem Diem
a conservative anti-communist who overthrew Bao Dai, the emperor of southern Vietnam, when it seemed likely that a communist leader would …
Chiang Kai-Shek
General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.
Mao Tse-Tung
led the Communists in China. Because of the failure to form a coalition government between Chiang Kai-Shek and the Communists, civil war broke out in China after WWII. The Communists won in 1949, but the new government was not recognized by much of the world, including the U.S.
National Farm Workers Assoc.
Larry Itliong lead it, a workers union for farmers, lead the strikes against grapes and stuff.
Feminists
ending legal barriers to female rights, primarily suffrage, considered over after the passage of the 19th amendment. 1960s Women’s Liberation Movement that campaigned for equal rights on issues such as employment, marital relationships, and sexual orientation. feminism is an individual choice and that anyone can be a feminist
Black Panther Party
African-American organization established to promote Black Power and self-defense through acts of social agitation. The movement had provocative rhetoric, militant posture, and cultural and political flourishes permanently altered the contours of American Identity.
U-2 Incident
- American U-2 spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers shot down and captured in Soviet Union. Eisenhower ultimately took responsibility for the spy plane; Premier Khrushchev angrily called off Paris summit conference
White Flight
Movement of middle class whites away from the city and towards owning homes in the suburbs, leaving the city to be inhabited by poor minorities.
The “organization” man
written by W. H. Whyte and criticized the homogeneous culture of the 50s and conformity. economic growth was the answer to all problems.
Berlin Wall
High barrier between East and West erected during the 1961 Berlin crisis. Coined the “iron curtain” by Winston Churchill.
Nuremburg Trials
series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany.
National Security Act
Signed by U.S. President Harry S. Truman, this realigned and reorganized the United States’ armed forces, foreign policy, and Intelligence Community apparatus in the aftermath of World War II and created the Central Intelligence Agency as well as the Department of Defense and Pentagon.
The Feminine Mystique
Betty Friedan An American feminist, activist and writer, best known for starting what is commonly known as the “Second Wave” of feminism through the writing of a book.
Stokely Carmichael
head of SNCC who preached “overtaking white Americans” and preached “Black Power”-pride in history and heritage; create society apart from white society
Henry Kissinger
Richard Nixon’s National Security Advisor and then Secretary of State. He helped to develop ties with China and eased tensions with the Soviets, which both would later help get the U.S. out of Vietnam.
Oliver North
National Security Council aid convicted of obstructing Congress in the terrorist-money-for-rebel-aid scandal
The Plumbers
People whose job it was to stop leaks of what Nixon was trying to achieve from being let out of the White House
Sandinistas
Socialist government of Nicaragua that we overthrew with the contra, still a government party but just got overthrown in the day.
Black Power
Racial slogan that signaled a growing challenge to King’s non-violent civil rights movement by militant younger
Wage & Price Freeze
Nixon imposed a 90 day wage and price freeze to stimulate exports he took U.S. off gold standard and devaluing the $.
Detente
Nixon-Ford-Kissinger policy of seeking relaxed tensions with the Soviet Union through trade and arms limitation.
“Glass Ceiling”
The invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations
Peaceful Coezistence
foreign policy and was adopted by Soviet-influenced “Communist states” that they could peacefully coexist with the capitalist
ADA (Disabilities)
Americans with Disabilities Act, prohibited discrimination of Americans with physical or mental disabilities, part of Bush’s work for a “kinder, gentler America”
Voting Rights Act
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.
Equal Rights Amend (ERA)
declared full constitutional equality for women. Although it passed both houses of Congress in 1972, a concerted grassroots campaign by anti-feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly persuaded enough state legislatures to vote against ratification. The amendment failed to become part of the Constitution.
