Need to know Flashcards
Anne Hutchinson
Opposed John Winthrop’s ideas, held in court, defended herself with huge knowledge of bible, and embarrassed the members of the jury, made her place in Rhode Island.
James Otis
In 1761 he gave a speech opposing Writs of Assistance which was a search warrant, or anything the crown can allow, from the king which does not expire. He states that this is destructive of English liberty and principles of law. The writ would invade the privacy of ones home.
Roger Williams
English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, began the colony of Providence Plantation, provided a refuge for religious minorities. He was a student of Native American languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. Organized the first attempt to prohibit slavery in any of the original thirteen colonies.
William Penn
SUPER Quaker, unorthodox, relations with people higher up gave him the charter to Penn’s Woods. Lead Quakers to Pennsylvania from everywhere in Europe, made much government and social progress.
Jonathan Edwards
Sparked the Great Awakening as the local congregational minster in Northampton. He accepted the traditional teachings of Calvinism. He thought his fellow misters had grown soft and taken impression that sinners might avoid damnation by performing good works. Didn’t possess the dynamic personality so he gave the speaking to George Whitefield. Put articles in newspapers, the power of press.
Quakers
People who believed in an extreme form of antinomianism. They saw no need for a learned ministry, one person’s interpretation of scripture was as valid as anyone else’s. Family belief system. Christian denomination. Belief that everyone could be saved. Very liberal about their views. George Fox successor (1624-1691).
House of Burguesses
1618 promised an elective representative assembly which was the House of Burgesses, first legislative assembly in North America founded by the Virginia company with a focus on tobacco profits. This was an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America and to make conditions in the colony more agreeable for its current inhabitants.
Indentured servitude
essentially white slaves. Indentured servants where people too poor to pay their own way to america, so other people paid for their transport in exchange for work when they got there.
“A city upon a hill”
reintroduced by john Winthrop’s sermon given to future Massachusetts bay colonists. his idea was that their new community would be a city on a hill, with the whole world watching. the sermon reinforced the idea that america was gods country and the idea that Americans are the best.
Joint-stock company
an early company that sold stock in itself. The Virginia company being a notable example, forced to sell shares of itself in Virginia to fund the colony.
writs of assistance
a legal order from a court to an official, like a sheriff or tax collector, telling them to perform a certain task. writs of assistance could be warrants to search for contraband.
headright system
50 acres of land where given to settlers as a kind of reward for emigrating to the new world. the land went to whoever payed for travel, so indentured servant land went to the person who paid their travel expenses.
mercantilism
mercantilism is controlled colonies returning resources to the central country. the British system of mercantilism forced Americans to sell all raw materials to England for less than their worth.
salutary neglect
a policy throughout the 17th and 18th century of the British of not strictly enforcing the laws, meant to keep the colonies happy. the problems occurred when the British started their enforcement again, which came across to the colonials as very harsh and very sudden.
mayflower compact
After the Pilgrims landed in Maryland, they started to make the document to prevent anarchy, 41 men agreeing on November 11 to “covenant and combine our selves together into a civil body politik”
Navigation acts
Set of acts restricting trade and manufacturing in the colonies, all to the greater profit of England and the official implementation of Mercantilism.
Maryland Act of Religious Toleration
Act to say that if you discriminate against any other sect of Christianity, or speak out against anything about religion, you will get punished in a variety of ways, decreasing religious tension in the diverse area.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
The principle document of Connecticut, ordered for elections to be called by the people and set rules, that people were free-er, and made set rules of what the government and taxes work as.
Alexander Hamilton
first Secretary of the treasury, argued hard against Thomas Jefferson. second president of the society of the Cincinnati.fought to start the bank of the united states, also wrote multiple reports about how to run the economy of the US, which where pretty effective.
John Adams
made many controversial decisions during his time as president, and was hated by both parties. Alexander Hamilton lead his party, the federalists, against him. Adams passed the alien sedition acts and built up.
Thomas Paine
wrote common sense, a call to rebellion appealing to the average person. asked for independence from Britain and challenged British authority.
James Madison
fourth president of the US, key supporter and author of the Bill of Rights. along with Thomas Jefferson, organized the republican party. led the nation into the war of 1812.
George Washington
first president of the US. also commander during the revolution, first president of the society of the Cincinnati.
Thomas Jefferson
third president of the US, founding father, continuously warring with alexander Hamilton. was also the main author of the declaration of independence.