Court Cases Flashcards
Marbury V. Madison (1803)
The Court ruled that congress exceeded its power in the judiciary act of 1789; court established its power to review acts of congress and declare invalid those it found in conflict with the constitution
McCulloch V. Maryland (1819)
Court Ruled that congress had the authority to charter a national bank, under Constitution’s granting of the power to enact all laws “necessary and proper” to exact the responsibilities of government. Bank immune to state taxation.
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1857)
Courted ruled that a state could not arbitrarily alter terms of a college contract. Original Charter was valid and Constitution protected contracts against state’s interference.
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Declared unconstitutional the already-repealed Missouri Compromise because it deprived a person of his property-a slave- without due process of law. Rule slaves are not citizens of any state nor of the U.S.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Ruled that a state law required federal railroad trains to provide separate but equal facilities for black and white passengers neither infringed upon federal authority to regulate interstate commerce nor violated the 13th and 14th amend.
Northern Securities Co. V. U.S. (1904)
The court ruled that a holding company formed solely to eliminate competition between two railroad lines was a combination in restrain of trade, thus a violation of the feral antitrust act.
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
Uphold a state law limiting the maximum working hours of women.
Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
Sustain the espionage act of 1917, maintain that freedom of speech and press could be constrained if “the words used are in such circumstances and are of such a nation to create a clear and present danger”
Standard Oil Co. V. U.S. (1911)
Standard oil trust must e dissolved because of its unreasonable restrain of trade, not because of its size.
Schechter Poultry Corp. V. U.S. (1935)
Ruled that congress exceeded its authority to delegate legislative powers and to regulate interstate commerce when it enacted the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), which afforded the U.S. president too much discretionary power.
Brown V. Board of Edu of Topeka (1954)
Ruled that separate public schools for black and white students were inherently unequal, thus state-sanctioned segregation in public schools violated the equal protection guarantee of the 14th amend. Lead to the abolition of state-sponsored segregation in other facilities. Overruled Plessy V. Ferguson.
Mapp V. Ohio (1961)
Evidence obtained in violation of the 4th amend guarantee against unreasonable be search and seizure must be excluded from use at state and federal trials.
Engel V. Vitale (1962)
Public school official could not require pupils to recite state composed prayer at the start of each school day, even if the ray was non-denominational and pupils who so desired could be excused from reciting it, because such official state sanction of religious utterances was an unconstitutional attempt to establish religion.
Gideon V. Wainwright (1963)
The due process clause of the 14th Amend. extended to states as well as federal defendants, thus all persons charged with serious crimes must be provided with an attorney, and states were required to appoint counsel for defendants unable to pay their own attorneys’ fees.
Miranda V. Arizona (1966)
Guarantee of due process required that before any questioning of suspects in police custody, the suspects must be informed of their right to remain silent, that anything they say may be sued against them, and that they have the right to counsel.
