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Neuro > Unit 4: Psychosis and Anti-Psychotic Agents > Flashcards

Unit 4: Psychosis and Anti-Psychotic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have a high D2/5HT2A ratio.

A

Typical

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2
Q

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have a low D2/5HT2A ratio.

A

Atypical

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3
Q

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have good efficacy against negative symptoms.

A

Atypical

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4
Q

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have good efficacy against postive symptoms primarily.

A

Typical

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5
Q

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater antihistamine side effects

A

low

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6
Q

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater risk of dry mouth and sedation.

A

low

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7
Q

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater risk of extrapyramidal side effects

A

high

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8
Q

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater risk of hypotension.

A

low

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9
Q

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have less alpha-blockade

A

high

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10
Q

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have less anti-muscarninc toxicity

A

high

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11
Q

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have less extra-pyramidal toxicity.

A

low

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12
Q

L1: Name a typical high-potency antipsychotic agent.

A

Haloperidol

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13
Q

L1: Name an antipsychotic agent with high risk of tardive dyskinesia.

A

Haloperidol

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14
Q

L1: Name an antipsychotic agent with pseudoparkinsonism and akathisia as notable side effects.

A

Haloperidol

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15
Q

L1: Name an antipsychotic agent with risk of agranulocytosis, leading to limited use.

A

Clozapine

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16
Q

L1: Name the two most common positive symptoms in psychosis.

A

Delusions, Hallucinations

17
Q

L2: ______ activation of NMDA receptors on GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex results in _____ symptoms.

A

Decreased; positive and negative

18
Q

L2: Acitvation of 5HT2A receptors on dopamine neurons in the prefrontal cortex _______ dopamine release, causing ____ symptoms.

A

decreases; negative

19
Q

L2: Activation of _______ receptors can increase dopamine release in the mesolimbic pathway.

A

5HT2A

20
Q

L2: First generation antipsychotic agents antagonize the _______.

A

D2 dopaminergic receptor

21
Q

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu > _____ GABA > ______ Glu > _____ VTA GABA interneurons > ______ mesocortical dopamine neurons > _____ symptoms

A

decreased; increased; increased; decreased; negative

22
Q

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu > _____ GABA > ______ Glu > _____mesolimbic dopamine neurons > _____ symptoms

A

decreased; increased; increased; positive

23
Q

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu neurons causes ______ GABA inhibition

A

decreased

24
Q

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu neurons leads to _____ activity of cortical glutamate neurons.

A

increased

25
Q

L2: In schizophrenic brains, the ______ which modulates executive function, has been shown to have widened sulci and volume reduction

A

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

26
Q

L2: In schizophrenic brains, there are _____ dendritic spines and presynaptic axonal inputs.

A

decreased

27
Q

L2: In schizophrenic brains, there are reduced _______ proteins and neuronal fucntion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

A

GABAergic interneuron

28
Q

L2: In the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, there is ____ activity of the mesocortical dopamine neurons, resulting in ______ symptoms.

A

decreased; negative

29
Q

L2: In the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, there is _____ activity of the mesolimbic dopamine neurons, resulting in _____ symptoms.

A

increased; positive

30
Q

L2: In the glutamate theory of schizophrenia, there is _____ activity, resulting in schizophrenic-like symptoms.

A

decreased

31
Q

L2: Name a typical low-potency antipsychotic agent.

A

Chlorpromazine

32
Q

L2: Name an antipsychotic agent with efficacy in most patients refractory to other drugs.

A

Clozapine

33
Q

L2: Under normal physiologic conditions, the tuberoinfundibular pathway involves hypothalamic neurons release of dopanine to inhibit _______.

A

Prolactin release

34
Q

L2: Which class of antipsychotic agents is associated with parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia?

A

Typical Antipsychotic Agents

35
Q

L2: Which class of antipsychotic agents is associated with weight gain, hypercholesteroleia, and diabetes mellitus?

A

Atypical Antipsychotic Agents

36
Q

L3: In schizophrenic brains, there is _____ size and packing density of _______ in the _____ cortex

A

decreased; pyramidal neurons; prefrontal

37
Q

L3: Second generation antipsychotic agents (atypical antipsychotics) antagonize the ________.

A

D2 dopaminergic and 5HT2 serotoninergic receptors

38
Q

L4: Name 5 atypical antipsychotic agents.

A

Risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, Quetiapine

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