Unit 4: Psychosis and Anti-Psychotic Agents

Question 1

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have a high D2/5HT2A ratio.

Answer 1

Typical

Question 2

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have a low D2/5HT2A ratio.

Answer 2

Atypical

Question 3

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have good efficacy against negative symptoms.

Answer 3

Atypical

Question 4

L1: ______ antipsychotic agents have good efficacy against postive symptoms primarily.

Answer 4

Typical

Question 5

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater antihistamine side effects

Answer 5

low

Question 6

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater risk of dry mouth and sedation.

Answer 6

low

Question 7

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater risk of extrapyramidal side effects

Answer 7

high

Question 8

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have greater risk of hypotension.

Answer 8

low

Question 9

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have less alpha-blockade

Answer 9

high

Question 10

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have less anti-muscarninc toxicity

Answer 10

high

Question 11

L1: In typical antipsychotic agents, ____ potency agents have less extra-pyramidal toxicity.

Answer 11

low

Question 12

L1: Name a typical high-potency antipsychotic agent.

Answer 12

Haloperidol

Question 13

L1: Name an antipsychotic agent with high risk of tardive dyskinesia.

Answer 13

Haloperidol

Question 14

L1: Name an antipsychotic agent with pseudoparkinsonism and akathisia as notable side effects.

Answer 14

Haloperidol

Question 15

L1: Name an antipsychotic agent with risk of agranulocytosis, leading to limited use.

Answer 15

Clozapine

Question 16

L1: Name the two most common positive symptoms in psychosis.

Answer 16

Delusions, Hallucinations

Question 17

L2: ______ activation of NMDA receptors on GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex results in _____ symptoms.

Answer 17

Decreased; positive and negative

Question 18

L2: Acitvation of 5HT2A receptors on dopamine neurons in the prefrontal cortex _______ dopamine release, causing ____ symptoms.

Answer 18

decreases; negative

Question 19

L2: Activation of _______ receptors can increase dopamine release in the mesolimbic pathway.

Answer 19

5HT2A

Question 20

L2: First generation antipsychotic agents antagonize the _______.

Answer 20

D2 dopaminergic receptor

Question 21

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu > _____ GABA > ______ Glu > _____ VTA GABA interneurons > ______ mesocortical dopamine neurons > _____ symptoms

Answer 21

decreased; increased; increased; decreased; negative

Question 22

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu > _____ GABA > ______ Glu > _____mesolimbic dopamine neurons > _____ symptoms

Answer 22

decreased; increased; increased; positive

Question 23

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu neurons causes ______ GABA inhibition

Answer 23

decreased

Question 24

L2: Hypofunction in NMDA-Glu neurons leads to _____ activity of cortical glutamate neurons.

Answer 24

increased

Question 25

L2: In schizophrenic brains, the ______ which modulates executive function, has been shown to have widened sulci and volume reduction

Answer 25

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

Question 26

L2: In schizophrenic brains, there are _____ dendritic spines and presynaptic axonal inputs.

Answer 26

decreased

Question 27

L2: In schizophrenic brains, there are reduced _______ proteins and neuronal fucntion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Answer 27

GABAergic interneuron

Question 28

L2: In the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, there is ____ activity of the mesocortical dopamine neurons, resulting in ______ symptoms.

Answer 28

decreased; negative

Question 29

L2: In the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, there is _____ activity of the mesolimbic dopamine neurons, resulting in _____ symptoms.

Answer 29

increased; positive

Question 30

L2: In the glutamate theory of schizophrenia, there is _____ activity, resulting in schizophrenic-like symptoms.

Answer 30

decreased

Question 31

L2: Name a typical low-potency antipsychotic agent.

Answer 31

Chlorpromazine

Question 32

L2: Name an antipsychotic agent with efficacy in most patients refractory to other drugs.

Answer 32

Clozapine

Question 33

L2: Under normal physiologic conditions, the tuberoinfundibular pathway involves hypothalamic neurons release of dopanine to inhibit _______.

Answer 33

Prolactin release

Question 34

L2: Which class of antipsychotic agents is associated with parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 34

Typical Antipsychotic Agents

Question 35

L2: Which class of antipsychotic agents is associated with weight gain, hypercholesteroleia, and diabetes mellitus?

Answer 35

Atypical Antipsychotic Agents

Question 36

L3: In schizophrenic brains, there is _____ size and packing density of _______ in the _____ cortex

Answer 36

decreased; pyramidal neurons; prefrontal

Question 37

L3: Second generation antipsychotic agents (atypical antipsychotics) antagonize the ________.

Answer 37

D2 dopaminergic and 5HT2 serotoninergic receptors

Question 38

L4: Name 5 atypical antipsychotic agents.

Answer 38

Risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, Quetiapine