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Neuro > Unit 3: Audition > Flashcards

Unit 3: Audition Flashcards

1
Q

L1: _____ of sound is encoded by the frequency of afferent nerve fiber action potentials

A

Intensity

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2
Q

L1: _____ of sound is encoded by the position along the cochlea where the afferent nerve fiber innervates the IHC.

A

Frequency

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3
Q

L1: ______ rely on the spatial separation of ears and direction-dependent differences in path lengths to localize sounds.

A

Interaural time delays

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4
Q

L1: At the ____ of the cochlea, the basilar membrane is thinner, narrower, and more rigid.

A

base

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5
Q

L1: At the ____ of the cochlea, the basilar membrane is wider, thicker, and more flexible.

A

apex

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6
Q

L1: Depolarization of IHCs leads to release of ____ to signal an afferent nerve fiber.

A

glutamate

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7
Q

L1: In the primary auditory cortex, neurons representing ____ frequencies are located more anteriorly.

A

lower

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8
Q

L1: Influx of _______ occurs during mechanosensitive depolarization of IHCs.

A

potassium

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9
Q

L1: Interaural level differences are used for effective localization of ______-frequency sounds.

A

High

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10
Q

L1: Interaural time delays are used for effective localization of _____-frequency sounds.

A

Low

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11
Q

L1: Ototoxic medications often inhibit transduction channels of _______, which eventually kills them.

A

OHCs

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12
Q

L1: Span of human hearing

A

20-20,000 Hz

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13
Q

L1: The ____ of the cochlea responds best to high frequencies.

A

Base

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14
Q

L1: The ____ of the cochlea responds best to low frequencies

A

Apex

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15
Q

L1: The apex of the cochlea responds best to ______ frequencies.

A

Low

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16
Q

L1: The base of the cochlea responds best to ______ frequencies.

A

High

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17
Q

L1: The majority of hair cells in the cochlea are _______.

A

Outer hair cells

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18
Q

L1: The primary auditory cortex is Brodmann area ___, and the secondary cortex including Wernicke’s area is Brodmann area ___.

A

41, 42

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19
Q

L1: When the stereocilia bundle is displaced toward the longest stereocilia, _______ is elicited.

A

depolarization

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20
Q

L1: When the stereocilia bundle is displaced toward the shortest stereocilia, _______ is elicited.

A

hyperpolarization

21
Q

L2: _____ is a localization mechanism that relies on phase-locking.

A

Interaural time delays

22
Q

L2: ______ neurons sense frequency and intensity and provide efferent innervation to OHCs.

A

Medial Olivocochlear (MOC)

23
Q

L2: _______ encoded in the dorsal cochlear nucleus is useful for elevation localization.

A

Monoaural spectral shape

24
Q

L2: ________: creation of sounds by evoked or spontaneous movements of OHCs that set the basilar membrane in motion; used to test newborn hearing

A

Otoacoustic emissions

25
Q

L2: _______: a ____-rich fluid that fills the scala media

A

endolymph; potassium

26
Q

L2: At the level of the _______, neurons are encoding auditory information for the contralateral ear.

A

inferior colliculus

27
Q

L2: Cochlear amplifier: displacement of the ______ by the ____.

A

basilar membrane; OHCs

28
Q

L2: Decussated DCN and VCN cells regroup in the ________ and ascend to the _______.

A

Lateral lemniscus; inferior colliculus

29
Q

L2: Dorsal cochlear neurons decussate via the _______.

A

Dorsal acoustic stria

30
Q

L2: Downward movement of the ________ compresses fluid in the ________, which causes an outward bulging of the round window;

A

basilar membrane; scala tympani

31
Q

L2: Inferior colliculus neurons innervate the _______.

A

Ipsilateral Medial Geniculate Nucleus, Contralateral Medial Geniculate Nucleus, Contralateral inferior colliculus

32
Q

L2: Interaural level differences are processed in the ______.

A

Lateral superior olive

33
Q

L2: Interaural time delays are processed in the _______.

A

Medial superior olive

34
Q

L2: Lateral superior olive neurons project to the _______ and _______.

A

ipsilateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL), ispsilateral inferior colliculus

35
Q

L2: Mechanisms of overcoming acoustic impedance mismatch (2)

A

Area of stapes foot, levering action of incus/malleus

36
Q

L2: Medial superior olive neurons send excitatory afferents to the ____ and ______.

A

ipsilateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL), ispsilateral inferior colliculus

37
Q

L2: MTNB neurons are ____-ergic, providing ______ input on the lateral superior olive.

A

glycin; inhibitory

38
Q

L2: Regions of the auditory cortex are connected via the ______ and _______.

A

association fibers, anterior commissure

39
Q

L2: The _______ pumps potassium ions into the scala media to maintain an endocochlear potential of _____.

A

stria vascularis; +80 mV

40
Q

L2: The basal end of the hair cell is bathed in a fluid called ______.

A

perilymph

41
Q

L2: The lateral superior olive receives ipsilateral input from the ______.

A

Anteroventral cochlear nucleus

42
Q

L2: The medial geniculate nucleus sends axons to the _______, located in the _______.

A

Primary auditory cortex (A1); superior temporal gyrus

43
Q

L2: Ventral cochlear neurons decussate via the _______.

A

Trapezoid body

44
Q

L2: When the stapes is pressed on the _______, the fluid in the ________ is compressed

A

oval window; scala vestibuli

45
Q

L3: ____ of ANFs are myelinated and innervate _______. (Type ___

A

95%; IHCs; I

46
Q

L3: ____ of ANFs are unmyelinated and innervate ______. (Type __)

A

5%; OHCs; II

47
Q

L3: ANFs have cell bodies in the _______ and innervate the ______ and _______.

A

Spiral ganglion; dorsal cochlear nucleus, ventral cochlear nucleus

48
Q

L3: The inferior colliculus receives auditory fibers from the ______ and ______.

A

Cochlear nuclei, pontine nuclei (superior olivary complex)

49
Q

L3: The lateral superior olive receives contralateral input from the ______.

A

Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) from the AVCN

Neuro (40 decks)

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