Unit 2: Nociception

Question 1

L1: Excess sensitization of nociceptors is referred to as _______.

Answer 1

primary hyperalgesia

Question 2

L1: First pain/pin prick sensation is mediated by __-type fibers

Answer 2

A-delta

Question 3

L1: Second pain/burning sensation is mediated by __-type fibers

Answer 3

C

Question 4

L1: Sensitization strong enough to allow non-noxious stimuli to trigger a painful sensation is known as ________.

Answer 4

Allodynia

Question 5

L1: Stimulation of ______ in the midbrain produces powerful analgesia

Answer 5

Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) matter

Question 6

L1: The major excitatory transmitter released by primary nociceptive sensory neurons is ______.

Answer 6

Glutamate

Question 7

L1: The spinothalamic tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.

Answer 7

Somatosensory cortex

Question 8

L2: A flare results from the release of ______ from collaterals of C fibers in the wheal area

Answer 8

Substance P

Question 9

L2: Acitvation of non-nociceptive fibers leads to activation of ________ in the dorsal horn.

Answer 9

Inhibitory interneurons

Question 10

L2: Capsaicin acticates the ____ receptor

Answer 10

Villanoid (VR1)

Question 11

L2: Cold nociceptors are __ fibers.

Answer 11

C

Question 12

L2: Cold receptors detect temperatures: ___

Answer 12

10-37 degree Celsius

Question 13

L2: In response to stress, there is increased activity in the _______ which increases activation of the PAG

Answer 13

limbic system

Question 14

L2: In the spinal cord, ATP activates microglial cells that release ____, changing the reversal potential of _____ channels.

Answer 14

BDNF; chloride

Question 15

L2: In the spinal cord, descending neurons from the nucleus raphe activate ________.

Answer 15

Inhibitory interneurons

Question 16

L2: Inhibitory interneurons use _____ presynaptically and postsynaptically to reduce pain

Answer 16

Enkephalin

Question 17

L2: Mechanical nociceptors are __ fibers.

Answer 17

A-delta

Question 18

L2: PAG neurons project to the ______ in the medulla, which projects to the spinal cord via the ________.

Answer 18

Nucleus raphe magnus; dorsal lateral funiculus

Question 19

L2: Polymodal receptors are __ fibers.

Answer 19

C

Question 20

L2: The spinomesenphalic tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.

Answer 20

Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) region

Question 21

L2: The spinoreticular tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.

Answer 21

Hypothalamus

Question 22

L2: Warm nociceptors are __ fibers.

Answer 22

A-delta

Question 23

L2: Warm receptors detect temperatures: ____

Answer 23

30-48 degrees Celsius

Question 24

L3: In the placebo effect, the PAG pathway is activated by secretion of _____ due to activity in the _______.

Answer 24

endorphins; cortex or limbic systems

Question 25

L3: Name 4 activators of nociceptors

Answer 25

Bradykinin, potassium, serotonin, acid

Question 26

L3: Which three tracts in the brain convey information from nociceptive fibers?

Answer 26

Spinothalamic, Spinoreticular, spinomesenphalic

Question 27

L4: Name 5 sensitizers of nociceptors

Answer 27

Prostaglandins, Substance P, ATP, ACh, serotonin