Unit 2: Nociception Flashcards
L1: Excess sensitization of nociceptors is referred to as _______.
primary hyperalgesia
L1: First pain/pin prick sensation is mediated by __-type fibers
A-delta
L1: Second pain/burning sensation is mediated by __-type fibers
C
L1: Sensitization strong enough to allow non-noxious stimuli to trigger a painful sensation is known as ________.
Allodynia
L1: Stimulation of ______ in the midbrain produces powerful analgesia
Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) matter
L1: The major excitatory transmitter released by primary nociceptive sensory neurons is ______.
Glutamate
L1: The spinothalamic tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.
Somatosensory cortex
L2: A flare results from the release of ______ from collaterals of C fibers in the wheal area
Substance P
L2: Acitvation of non-nociceptive fibers leads to activation of ________ in the dorsal horn.
Inhibitory interneurons
L2: Capsaicin acticates the ____ receptor
Villanoid (VR1)
L2: Cold nociceptors are __ fibers.
C
L2: Cold receptors detect temperatures: ___
10-37 degree Celsius
L2: In response to stress, there is increased activity in the _______ which increases activation of the PAG
limbic system
L2: In the spinal cord, ATP activates microglial cells that release ____, changing the reversal potential of _____ channels.
BDNF; chloride
L2: In the spinal cord, descending neurons from the nucleus raphe activate ________.
Inhibitory interneurons
L2: Inhibitory interneurons use _____ presynaptically and postsynaptically to reduce pain
Enkephalin
L2: Mechanical nociceptors are __ fibers.
A-delta
L2: PAG neurons project to the ______ in the medulla, which projects to the spinal cord via the ________.
Nucleus raphe magnus; dorsal lateral funiculus
L2: Polymodal receptors are __ fibers.
C
L2: The spinomesenphalic tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.
Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) region
L2: The spinoreticular tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.
Hypothalamus
L2: Warm nociceptors are __ fibers.
A-delta
L2: Warm receptors detect temperatures: ____
30-48 degrees Celsius
L3: In the placebo effect, the PAG pathway is activated by secretion of _____ due to activity in the _______.
endorphins; cortex or limbic systems
L3: Name 4 activators of nociceptors
Bradykinin, potassium, serotonin, acid
L3: Which three tracts in the brain convey information from nociceptive fibers?
Spinothalamic, Spinoreticular, spinomesenphalic
L4: Name 5 sensitizers of nociceptors
Prostaglandins, Substance P, ATP, ACh, serotonin
