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Neuro > Unit 1: Neurotransmitters and Receptors > Flashcards

Unit 1: Neurotransmitters and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

L1: _____ ACh receptors have ionotropic actions.

A

Nicotinic

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2
Q

L1: _____ ACh receptors have metabotropic actions.

A

Muscarinic

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3
Q

L1: Acetylcholine is produced from a reaction between _____ and ______.

A

Acetyl-CoA and choline

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4
Q

L1: ACh is taken up into vesicles by ______.

A

Vesical Associated Transporter (VAT)

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5
Q

L1: ACh receptors can be divided into the _____ and ______ categories.

A

Muscarinic, Nicotinic

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6
Q

L1: ACh signals are terminated by _____.

A

Enzymatic degradation by ACh esterase

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7
Q

L1: Epinephrine-binding receptors include ______.

A

alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors

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8
Q

L1: GABA receptors include ______.

A

GABA-A and GABA-B

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9
Q

L1: GABA signals are terminated by ______.

A

reuptake

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10
Q

L1: Glutamate is converted to _____ by astrocytes.

A

Glutamine

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11
Q

L1: Glutamate signals are terminated by _____.

A

reuptake

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12
Q

L1: Monoamine signals are terminated by ______.

A

reuptake

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13
Q

L1: Monoamines are taken up into vescles by ______.

A

Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT)

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14
Q

L1: Monoamines may be degraded in nerve terminals by ______.

A

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)

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15
Q

L1: Norepinephrine-binding receptors include ______.

A

alpha-1, alpha-2, and Beta-1 adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

L1: The most important indoleamine transmitter is ______.

A

5-HT (Serotonin)

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17
Q

L1: The three most important catecholamines are ______. (3)

A

Dopamine, EPI, NOR

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18
Q

L1: Which G protein pathway decreases intracellular concentrations of cAMP?

A

G-i/o

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19
Q

L1: Which G protein pathway depresses adnylyl cyclase (AC)?

A

G-i/o

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20
Q

L1: Which G protein pathway increases intracellular concentrations of cAMP?

A

G-s

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21
Q

L1: Which G protein pathway increases intracellular concentrations of DAG and IP3?

A

G-q

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22
Q

L1: Which G protein pathway stimulates adenylyl cyclase (AC)?

A

G-s

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23
Q

L1: Which G protein pathway stimulates phospholipase C (PLC)?

A

G-q

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24
Q

L1: Which neurotransmitters participate in diffuse systems?

A

ACh and Monoamines

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25
Q

L1: Which neurotransmitters participate in hierarchical systems?

A

Glutamate and GABA

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26
Q

L2: ACh production is catalyzed by ______

A

Choline Acetyl Transferase (CAT)

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27
Q

L2: ACh receptors include ______.

A

N-N, M1-M4

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28
Q

L2: AMPA receptors increase ____ ion influx

A

Calcium and Sodium

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29
Q

L2: GABA is produced from ______

A

Glutamate

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30
Q

L2: GABA synthesis is catalyzed by ________.

A

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

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31
Q

L2: GABA-__ receptors are ionotropic and open ____ channels.

A

A; Chloride

32
Q

L2: GABA-__ receptors are metabotropic and stimulate G-__

A

B; i/o

33
Q

L2: Glutamate receptors include ______.

A

NMDA, AMPA, Kainate, R1-R8

34
Q

L2: Glutamine conversion to glutamate is catalyzed by _______.

A

Glutaminase

35
Q

L2: In the rate-limiting step of catecholamine synthesis ______ is converted to ______.

A

Tyrosine; L-Dopa

36
Q

L2: Kainate receptors increase _____ ion influx

A

Sodium

37
Q

L2: Monoamine receptors are grouped into three categories: _______.

A

Adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonin

38
Q

L2: NMDA receptors increase ____ ion influx

A

Calcium

39
Q

L2: Serotonin receptors include _______.

A

5HT-1A, 5HT-1B, 5HT-1D, 5HT-2A, 5HT-2B, 5HT-2C, 5HT-3, 5HT-4

40
Q

L2: The rate-limiting step in catecholamine synthesis is catalyzed by _______.

A

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

41
Q

L2: The rate-limiting step in indoleamine synthesis is catalyzed by _______.

A

Tryptophan Hydroxylase (TpH)

42
Q

L2: Which serotonin receptors are ionotropic? This receptor allows influx of _____.

A

5HT-3; cations

43
Q

L3: 5HT-1A, 5HT-1B, and 5HT-1D receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

i/o

44
Q

L3: 5HT-2A, 5HT-2B, and 5HT-2C receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

q

45
Q

L3: 5HT-4 receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

s

46
Q

L3: Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

q

47
Q

L3: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

i/o

48
Q

L3: Beta-1 adrenergic receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

s

49
Q

L3: Beta-2 adrenergic receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

s

50
Q

L3: D1 receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

s

51
Q

L3: D2 receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

i/o

52
Q

L3: M1 and M3 ACh receptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

q

53
Q

L3: M2 and M4 ACh recptors activate the G-__ pathway.

A

i/o

54
Q

L3: Name seven important neurotransmitters.

A

GABA, Glu, ACh, EPI, NOR, Dopamine, Serotonin

55
Q

L3: R1 and R5 receptors activate the G-__ pathway

A

q

56
Q

L3: R2 and R3 receptors activate the G-__ pathway and activate __ channels

A

i/o; Potassium

57
Q

L3: R4, R6, R7, and R8 receptors activate the G-__ pathway

A

i/o

58
Q

L3: Which ACh receptors activate the G-i/o pathway?

A

M2 and M4

59
Q

L3: Which ACh receptors activate the G-q pathway?

A

M1 and M3

60
Q

L3: Which adrenergic receptors activate the G-i/o pathway?

A

Alpha-2

61
Q

L3: Which adrenergic receptors activate the G-q pathway?

A

Alpha-1

62
Q

L3: Which adrenergic receptors activate the G-s pathway?

A

Beta-1 and Beta-2

63
Q

L3: Which dopamine receptors activate the G-i/o pathway?

A

D2

64
Q

L3: Which dopamine receptors activate the G-q pathway?

A

None

65
Q

L3: Which dopamine receptors activate the G-s pathway?

A

D1

66
Q

L3: Which Glutamate receptors activate the G-i/o pathway and activate potassium channels?

A

R2 and R3

67
Q

L3: Which Glutamate receptors activate the G-i/o pathway only?

A

R4, R6, R7, and R8

68
Q

L3: Which Glutamate receptors activate the G-q pathway?

A

R1 and R5

69
Q

L3: Which Glutamate receptors activate the G-s pathway?

A

None

70
Q

L3: Which serotonin receptors activate the G-i/o pathway?

A

5HT-1A, 5HT-1B, and 5HT-1D

71
Q

L3: Which serotonin receptors activate the G-q pathway?

A

5HT-2A, 5HT-2B, and 5HT-2C

72
Q

L3: Which serotonin receptors activate the G-s pathway?

A

5HT-4

73
Q

L4: Name all ionotropic receptors. (6)

A

GABA-A, NMDA, AMPA, Kainate, N-N, 5HT-3

74
Q

L4: Name all receptors that activate G-i/o. (14)

A

GABA-B, R2-R4, R6-R8, M2, M4, alpha-2, D2, 5HT-1A, 5HT-1B, 5HT-1D

75
Q

L4: Name all receptors that activate G-q. (8)

A

R1, R5, M1, M3, alpha-1, 5HT-2A, 5HT-2B, 5HT-2C

76
Q

L4: Name all receptors that activate G-s. (4)

A

Beta-1, Beta-2, D1, 5HT-4

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