Unit 2: Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Chronic
Dementia
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Commonly reversible
Delirium
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Fluctuations in consciousness
Delirium
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Impaired attention
Delirium
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Impaired memory
Both
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Incoherent speech/aphasia
Both
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Persistent impairment in higher intellectual functions
Dementia
L1: Delirium and/or Dementia? Typically toxic or metabolic causes
Delirium
L1: Which neurodegenerative disease? Can result from mutations in ApoE4, presenilin-1, presenilin-2, or Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)
Alzheimer’s Disease
L1: Which neurodegenerative disease? Formerly known as Pick’s Disease
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
L1: Which neurodegenerative disease? Most common cause of dementia in older people
Alzheimer’s Disease
L1: Which neurodegenerative disease? Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cortex and hippocampus; cerebral atrophy
Alzheimer’s Disease
L1:Delirium and/or Dementia? Acute
Delirium
L2: What are the characteristic neuropathological features in Alzheimer’s Disease?
Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
L2: What are the characteristic neuropathological features in Parkinson Disease?
Lewy Bodies
L2: What brain site is primarily involved in Alzheimer’s Disease?
Cortex and hippocampus
L2: What brain site is primarily involved in Huntington Disease?
Caudate nucleus
L2: What brain site is primarily involved in Parkinson Disease?
Substantia nigra
L2: What drug is used to antagonize the NMDA receptor in treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease?
Memantine
L2: What neurotransmitter is deficent in Alzheimer’s Disease?
Acetylcholine
L2: What neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson Disease?
Dopamine
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Abnormal tau protein metabolism
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Autosomal dominant inheritance of expanded CAG repeat
Huntington Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Caudate atrophy
Huntington Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Cortical dementia with behavioral changes more pronounced than memory loss
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Dementia and chorea, personality or behavioral changes also possible
Huntington Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Dementia, gait disorder, and urinary incontinence; enlarged ventricles; periventricular white matter primarily affected
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Dementia, parkonsonism, visual hallucinations, fluctuating confusion
Lewy Body Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Disinhibition, atrophy, and exectutive dysfunction; frequently misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disease
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Disturbances in synuclein
Parkinson Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Lewy Bodies in substantia nigra
Parkinson Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Loss of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain
Alzheimer’s Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Rapidly progressive fatal dementia, presenting with confusion, psychotic features, and myoclonus
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Relative dopamine deficiency
Parkinson Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Repeated strokes that erode cognitive function and result in dementia
Multi-infarct Dementia
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability
Parkinson Disease
L2: Which neurodegenerative disease? Vascular dementia in which longstanding hypertension leads to ischemia and lacunar infarction
Binswanger Disease
L3: What acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are often used in treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease? (3)
Rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamone
L3: What is the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease?
Deposition of amyloid
L3: What is the pathogenesis of Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?
Abnormal tau protein metabolism
L3: What is the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease?
Disturbances in synuclein
L3: What three categories of drugs may be used in treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease?
NMDA-antagonist, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics