Unit 2: Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics Flashcards
L1: Local anesthetic drugs with decreased lipophilicity have ______ potency.
decreased
L1: Local anesthetic drugs with decreased protein-binding capacity have ______ duration of action.
decreased
L1: Local anesthetic drugs with higher pKa have ______ duration of onset
increased
L1: Local anesthetic drugs with increased lipophilicity have ______ potency.
increased
L1: Local anesthetic drugs with increased protein-binding capacity have ______ duration of action.
increased
L1: Local anesthetic drugs with lower pKa have ______ duration of onset
decreased
L1: Opioid receptors _____ calcium channels.
inhibit
L1: Opioid receptors _____ cAMP synthesis
decrease
L1: Opioid receptors _____ potassium channels
activate
L1: Opioid receptors ___-polarize neurons.
Hyper
L1: Opioid receptors activate _____ channels.
Potassium
L1: Opioid receptors inhibit ______ channels.
Calcium
L1: Opioids inhibit ______-ergic neurons in the brain.
GABA
L2: _____ is a non-opioid drug used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms.
Clonidine
L2: Name a drug that acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist.
Ketamine
L2: Name the morphine derivatives that have higher potency than morphine (2).
Oxymorphone, hydromorphone
L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for diabetic neuropathy, migraine, low back pain, and post-herpetic neuralgia
Tricyclic Antidepressants
L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for fibromyalgia
SNRIs
L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for post-herpetic neuralgia and allodynia
Local topical anesthetics
L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for spinal cord injury, trigeminal neuralgia, and diabetic neuropathy
Anticonvulsants
L2: Which endogenous agonist acts at delta-opioid receptors?
Enkephalins, Beta-endorphin
L2: Which endogenous agonist acts at mu-opioid receptors?
Beta-endorphin
L2: Which endougenous agonist acts at kappa-opioid receptors?
Dynorphin
L2: Which opioid drug acts as a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist?
Buprenorphine
L2: Which opioid drug also blocks monoamine reuptake?
Tramadol
L2: Which opioid drug can act at kappa-opioid receptors with no mu-opioid antagonism?
Pentazocine
L2: Which opioid drug is used in maintenance therapy for addiction to suppress withdrawal symptoms?
Methadone
L2: Which opioid functions to not develop physiologic tolerance?
Miosis, constipation
L2: Which opioid receptor induces anlagesia without respiratory depression?
Delta
L2: Which opioid receptor is responsible for spinal analgesia?
Kappa
L2: Which phenylpiperidine derivative has short duration of action and is often used as adjunct to surgical anesthesia?
Fentanyl
L3: List the three components of a local anesthetic structure.
Lipophilic aromatic ring, intermediate alkyl chain, hydrophilic amine
L3: What three classes of drugs have adverse reactions with opioid analgesics?
CNS depressants/barbiturates, Phenothiazines, MAOIs
L3: Which drug classes are used in pain management to block modulation? (3)
Opioids, NMDA-antagonists, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists
L3: Which drug classes are used in pain management to block transmission? (2)
local anesthetics, opioids
L3: Which drugs are used as epidural anesthetics? (2)
Lidocaine, bupivacaine
L3: Which drugs are used as infiltration anesthetics? (3)
Lidocaine, procaine, bupivacaine
L3: Which drugs are used as nerve block anesthetics?
Lidocaine
L3: Which drugs are used as spinal anesthetics? (3)
Lidocaine, bupivacaine, tetracaine
L3: Which opioid drugs act as kappa agonists and mu antagonists?
Butorphanol, Nalbuphine
L4: Name 4 phenypiperidine mu-opioid receptor agonists.
Meperidine, loperimide, diphenoxylate, fentanyl
L4: Name 8 phenanthrene mu-opioid receptors agonists.
Heroine, Morphine, oxymorphone, hydromorphone, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, tramadol
L4: Which drug classes are used in pain management to block transduction? (4)
NSAIDs, COX-2 Inhbiitors, Anticonvulsants, local anesthetics
L4: Which drugs are used as topical anesthetics? (4)
Tetracaine, lidocaine, cocaine, benzocaine
