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Neuro > Unit 2: Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics > Flashcards

Unit 2: Local Anesthetics and Opioid Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

L1: Local anesthetic drugs with decreased lipophilicity have ______ potency.

A

decreased

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2
Q

L1: Local anesthetic drugs with decreased protein-binding capacity have ______ duration of action.

A

decreased

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3
Q

L1: Local anesthetic drugs with higher pKa have ______ duration of onset

A

increased

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4
Q

L1: Local anesthetic drugs with increased lipophilicity have ______ potency.

A

increased

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5
Q

L1: Local anesthetic drugs with increased protein-binding capacity have ______ duration of action.

A

increased

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6
Q

L1: Local anesthetic drugs with lower pKa have ______ duration of onset

A

decreased

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7
Q

L1: Opioid receptors _____ calcium channels.

A

inhibit

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8
Q

L1: Opioid receptors _____ cAMP synthesis

A

decrease

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9
Q

L1: Opioid receptors _____ potassium channels

A

activate

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10
Q

L1: Opioid receptors ___-polarize neurons.

A

Hyper

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11
Q

L1: Opioid receptors activate _____ channels.

A

Potassium

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12
Q

L1: Opioid receptors inhibit ______ channels.

A

Calcium

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13
Q

L1: Opioids inhibit ______-ergic neurons in the brain.

A

GABA

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14
Q

L2: _____ is a non-opioid drug used to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms.

A

Clonidine

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15
Q

L2: Name a drug that acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist.

A

Ketamine

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16
Q

L2: Name the morphine derivatives that have higher potency than morphine (2).

A

Oxymorphone, hydromorphone

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17
Q

L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for diabetic neuropathy, migraine, low back pain, and post-herpetic neuralgia

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

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18
Q

L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for fibromyalgia

A

SNRIs

19
Q

L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for post-herpetic neuralgia and allodynia

A

Local topical anesthetics

20
Q

L2: Which adjuvant medication? Used for spinal cord injury, trigeminal neuralgia, and diabetic neuropathy

A

Anticonvulsants

21
Q

L2: Which endogenous agonist acts at delta-opioid receptors?

A

Enkephalins, Beta-endorphin

22
Q

L2: Which endogenous agonist acts at mu-opioid receptors?

A

Beta-endorphin

23
Q

L2: Which endougenous agonist acts at kappa-opioid receptors?

A

Dynorphin

24
Q

L2: Which opioid drug acts as a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist?

A

Buprenorphine

25
Q

L2: Which opioid drug also blocks monoamine reuptake?

A

Tramadol

26
Q

L2: Which opioid drug can act at kappa-opioid receptors with no mu-opioid antagonism?

A

Pentazocine

27
Q

L2: Which opioid drug is used in maintenance therapy for addiction to suppress withdrawal symptoms?

A

Methadone

28
Q

L2: Which opioid functions to not develop physiologic tolerance?

A

Miosis, constipation

29
Q

L2: Which opioid receptor induces anlagesia without respiratory depression?

A

Delta

30
Q

L2: Which opioid receptor is responsible for spinal analgesia?

A

Kappa

31
Q

L2: Which phenylpiperidine derivative has short duration of action and is often used as adjunct to surgical anesthesia?

A

Fentanyl

32
Q

L3: List the three components of a local anesthetic structure.

A

Lipophilic aromatic ring, intermediate alkyl chain, hydrophilic amine

33
Q

L3: What three classes of drugs have adverse reactions with opioid analgesics?

A

CNS depressants/barbiturates, Phenothiazines, MAOIs

34
Q

L3: Which drug classes are used in pain management to block modulation? (3)

A

Opioids, NMDA-antagonists, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists

35
Q

L3: Which drug classes are used in pain management to block transmission? (2)

A

local anesthetics, opioids

36
Q

L3: Which drugs are used as epidural anesthetics? (2)

A

Lidocaine, bupivacaine

37
Q

L3: Which drugs are used as infiltration anesthetics? (3)

A

Lidocaine, procaine, bupivacaine

38
Q

L3: Which drugs are used as nerve block anesthetics?

A

Lidocaine

39
Q

L3: Which drugs are used as spinal anesthetics? (3)

A

Lidocaine, bupivacaine, tetracaine

40
Q

L3: Which opioid drugs act as kappa agonists and mu antagonists?

A

Butorphanol, Nalbuphine

41
Q

L4: Name 4 phenypiperidine mu-opioid receptor agonists.

A

Meperidine, loperimide, diphenoxylate, fentanyl

42
Q

L4: Name 8 phenanthrene mu-opioid receptors agonists.

A

Heroine, Morphine, oxymorphone, hydromorphone, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, tramadol

43
Q

L4: Which drug classes are used in pain management to block transduction? (4)

A

NSAIDs, COX-2 Inhbiitors, Anticonvulsants, local anesthetics

44
Q

L4: Which drugs are used as topical anesthetics? (4)

A

Tetracaine, lidocaine, cocaine, benzocaine

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