Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Unit 1: Congenital/Developmental Disorders > Flashcards

Unit 1: Congenital/Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

L!: What pathologic process? Result from subependymal hemorrhage into the germinal matrix

A

Perinatal stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

L1: What pathologic process? Occurs in birth trauma in which the infant’s neck is distorted and carotid arteries are stretched

A

Perinatal stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

L1: Which developmental definition/diagnosis? Acquired non-progressive motor disability, with spastic, dyskinetic/athetoid, and ataxic types

A

Cerebral Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

L1: Which developmental definition/diagnosis? Delays or abnormal function in social interaction, language used in social communication, or symbolic/imaginative play

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

L1: Which developmental definition/diagnosis? Intellecutal functioning at least two standard deviations below the mean with limitations in at least two adaptive skill areas

A

Intellectual Disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

L1: Which developmental definition/diagnosis? Restricted repertoire of interests, behaviors, and activities

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

L2: ______ fibers: homogenous, eosinophilic, elongated, or globular inclusions with a granular structure containing GFAP

A

Rosenthal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

L2: Antibodies to GFAP are used to visualize _________.

A

Reactive astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

L2: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament fiber unique to ______ cells.

A

astrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

L2: How does the distribution of red (Type 1) and white (Type 2) muscle fibers change in denervation atrophy?

A

Regional segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

L2: Onion bulbs may form in the process of _________.

A

Segmental Demyelination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

L2: Spinal cord dysfunction from tethering commonly affects the control of _________.

A

Urinary continence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Abnormal filaments in perikaryon and neurofibrillary tangles

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Accumulation of CSF within the central canal

A

Mydromelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Bilateral symmetric holes in the brain

A

Schizencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Complete failure of primary neurulation

A

Cranioraschisis totalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Complete or partial failure of the prosencephalon to cleave

A

Holoprosencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Complex disorder associated with thoracolumbar myelomeningocele

A

Chiari II Malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

L2: What pathologic process? CSF-filled cyst that breaks out of the central canal and dissects into the substance of the cord

A

Syringomelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, upward displacement of the tentorium, and hydrocephalus

A

Dandy-Walker Malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Defect in the skull with protrusion of the leptomeninges and sometimes brain tissue

A

Encephalocele

22
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Destruction of tissue of virtually an entire cerebral hemisphere

A

Hydranencephaly

23
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Ectoderm-lined track that can transgress the dura and allow communication between the skin and CSF

A

Dorsal dermal sinus tract

24
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Elongation of cerebellar tonsils protruding through the foramen magnum and blocking CSF flow

A

Chiari I Malformation

25
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Elongation of cerebellar vermis with protrusion through the foramen magnum and blockage of CSF flow

A

Chiari II Malformation

26
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Epidermal layer covers a rostral neural tube defect

A

Encephalocele

27
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Extension of a lipoma from the subcutaneous tissues to the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord

A

Lipomyelomeningocele

28
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Failure of closure of the posterior neuropore, frequently in the lumbar region

A

Myelomeningocele

29
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Failure of formation of the lateral ventricles and third ventricle

A

Holoprosencephaly

30
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Failure of the rostral neuropore to close

A

Anencephaly

31
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Forebrain fails to separate from cutaneous ectoderm, resulting in a cerebrovasculosa where the calvarium would have normally developed

A

Anencephaly

32
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Frequently associated with facial defects, including cebocephaly, cyclopia, ethmocephaly, arhinia, coloboma of iris/retina, microphthalmus, premaxillary agenesis, facial clefts

A

Holoprosencephaly

33
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Incomplete development of posterior cranial fossa and leakage of CSF leading to failure of ventricular system to develop and expand

A

Chiari II Malformation

34
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Large unilateral hole in the brain

A

Porencephaly

35
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Leading cause of cerebral palsy

A

Larger germinal matrix hemorrhages

36
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Lewy Bodies

A

Parkinson’s Disease

37
Q

L2: What pathologic process? May cause mydromelia, syringomelia, and hydrocephalus

A

Chiari I Malformation

38
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Neural placode and CSF leakage with no epidermal covering at the caudal end of the spinal cord

A

Myelomeningocele

39
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis

A

Dandy-Walker Malformation

40
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Produces ulegyria (mushroom-shaped gyri)

A

Perinatal stroke

41
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Risk of deformity can be reduced with maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy

A

Neural Tube Defects

42
Q

L2: What pathologic process? Skin-covered CSF mass continuous with the CSF in the spinal canal

A

Meningocele

43
Q

L2: What type of degeneration occurs following inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies?

A

Segmental Demyelination

44
Q

L2: What type of degeneration occurs following trauma, nerve infarction, or neoplastic invasion?

A

Wallerian Degeneration

45
Q

L2: Which developmental definition/diagnosis? Development below two standards of deviation below the mean for a child’s age

A

Developmental Delay

46
Q

L2: Which developmental definition/diagnosis? Severe chronic disability of an individual 5 years of age or older attributable to mental or physical impairment

A

Developmental Disability

47
Q

L3: ______ staining visualizes cytoskeletal elements to study axons and dendritic processes of neurons

A

Bielschowsky (Silver)

48
Q

L3: What is the response of astrocytes in forming a scar in the brain?

A

Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy

49
Q

L4: Describe the features of chromatolysis. (4)

A

RER disaggregation, neuronal body balloons, nucleus displaced toward periphery, reversible

50
Q

L4: Name the criteria for autism spectrum disorder.

A

Deficits in social communication/interaction, restricted patterns of behaviors/interests/activities, presentation in early childhood, symptoms limit and impair daily functioning

Neuro (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions