Unit 4: Limbic System and Memory Flashcards
L1: ________: ability to recall events or facts with specific temporal and spatial context
Declarative memory
L1: Activated calmodulin activates __________.
Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinsase II (CAMKII)
L1: CAMKII mediates increased incorporation of ______ into the postsynaptic cell membrane
AMPA receptors
L1: Hippocampal lesions impair ______ memory.
declarative
L1: Most declarative memories are stored in the ______, but function of the ______ is critical to storing these memories.
neocortex; hippocampus
L1: Stimulation of the _____ is highly reinforcing.
Nucleus accumbens
L1: When the NMDA receptor is activated, influx of calcium activates __________.
Ca-dependent calmodulin
L2: ______ projects to the BLA, CEA, and intercalated cell masses to inhibit ____ responses to afferent stimulation.
Medial prefrontal cortex; CEA
L2: _______ damage impairs the registering of emotional impacts of rewards and punishments caused by specific behaviors
Amygdala
L2: _______ memory is impaired when long term potentiation is disrupted due to a lesion in the ____ region of the hippocampus.
Associative; CA3
L2: _______ neurons undergo longterm potentiation, the basis for memory consolidation.
CA1 and CA3
L2: _________ neurons arise from the CA3 neurons and synapse on the ____ neurons.
Schaeffer Collateral; CA1
L2: _______: an indistinct ridge of tissue extending from the amygdala along the anterior perforated substance, curving into the interhemispheric fissure posterior to the medial olfacotr stria
Diagonal Band of Broca
L2: Amygdalar cells involved in appetitive conditioning project to the ________.
Nucleus accumbens
L2: Basolateral amygdalae neurons project to circuits for reward by providing input to the _______.
Nucleus accumbens
L2: CAMKII phosphorylates _______.
AMPA receptors and itself
L2: Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain release ACh in the ________.
insular cortex
L2: Coding of short-term memory occurs in the _______.
sensory cortex
L2: Coding of working memory occurs in the _______.
frontal lobes
L2: Exposure to a food results in stimulation of cholinergic neurons in the _______.
basal forebrain
L2: Fear extinction is mediated by neurons originating in the _______.
Medial prefrontal cortex
L2: Hippocampal output comes from cells in the ________, leaving via the _____.
CA1 and CA3 regions (Ammon’s Horn); fornix
L2: In Broca’s limbic lobe, the _____ feeds into the hippocampus.
Parahippocampal gyrus
L2: In Broca’s limbic lobe, the outputs for the hippocampus are _________.
Parahippocampal gyrus, fornix
L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, paitents with______ do not show a stress response with bad decks.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, patients with _____ lesions showed no sin conductance in response to the receipt of rewards and punishment.
amygdala
L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, patients with ______ lesions tend to draw from decks that give poor outcomes, even though they know they are losing
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
L2: In the Olds Self-Stimulation Experiments, the _____ was found to be a particularly strong reinforcing area.
Medial forebrain bundle
L2: Input to the hippocampus arrives from the ______ via the _______.
entorhinal cortex; perforant path
L2: Lesions in the striatum, cerebellum, or frontal cortex impair _____ memory.
procedural
L2: Memories of emotional experiences are encoded in the strengths of synaptic connections in the ________.
Lateral nuclei of the amydalae (basolateral amygdalae)
L2: Mossy fibers from the ______ also synapse on the _____ region of Ammon’s Horn
Dentate gyrus; CA3
L2: Papez overestimated the role of ______ in emotional processes.
Hippocampus
L2: Papez’s Circuit: Cingulate gyrus > _______
Hippocampus
L2: Papez’s Circuit: Fornix > ________
Hypothalamus
L2: Papez’s Circuit: Hippocampus > _______
Fornix
L2: Papez’s Circuit: Hypothalamus > ________ > Cortex
Anterior thalamic nuclei
L2: Papez’s Circuit: the _______ provides feedback to the cingulate gyrus.
Hypothalamus
L2: Perforant path axons synapse on the ________.
Dentate gyrus, CA3 region (Ammon’s Horn)
L2: Stimulation of insular cortex neurons by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons causes _________.
Phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor
L2: The ______ in the amygdala mediates the release of CRH.
Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
L2: The ______ receives afferent stimulation from the viscera and projects this information to insular cortex neurons to pair aversive effects to taste sensations
amygdala
L2: The _______ is the main output structure of the amydala, providing _____-ergic output.
Central Nucleus of the Amygdala; GABA
L2: The _______ seems to be important for the prediction of consequences.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
L2: The ________ is the ventral striatum and pallidum, located posterior to the olfactory stria
Anterior perforated substance
L2: The central nucleus of the amygdala projects to the ___________.
Midbrain reticular formation, hypothalamus
L2: The lateral nucleus of the amygdala receives input from the ________.
Auditory and somatosensory cortices
L2: The lateral nucleus of the amygdala transmits information to the _________.
Central nucleus of the amygdala
L2: VTA neurons can be divided into populations that project to the ______ (_____ pathway) and _______ (______ pathway).
nucleus accumbens/mesolimbic, prefrontal cortex/mesocortical
L3: Basolateral amydalae neurons can elicit fear via _______-ergic synapses providing input to the ______ and _______.
glutamatergic; basolateral amygdalae, bed nuclei of the stria terminalis
