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Neuro > Unit 4: Limbic System and Memory > Flashcards

Unit 4: Limbic System and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

L1: ________: ability to recall events or facts with specific temporal and spatial context

A

Declarative memory

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2
Q

L1: Activated calmodulin activates __________.

A

Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinsase II (CAMKII)

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3
Q

L1: CAMKII mediates increased incorporation of ______ into the postsynaptic cell membrane

A

AMPA receptors

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4
Q

L1: Hippocampal lesions impair ______ memory.

A

declarative

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5
Q

L1: Most declarative memories are stored in the ______, but function of the ______ is critical to storing these memories.

A

neocortex; hippocampus

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6
Q

L1: Stimulation of the _____ is highly reinforcing.

A

Nucleus accumbens

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7
Q

L1: When the NMDA receptor is activated, influx of calcium activates __________.

A

Ca-dependent calmodulin

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8
Q

L2: ______ projects to the BLA, CEA, and intercalated cell masses to inhibit ____ responses to afferent stimulation.

A

Medial prefrontal cortex; CEA

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9
Q

L2: _______ damage impairs the registering of emotional impacts of rewards and punishments caused by specific behaviors

A

Amygdala

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10
Q

L2: _______ memory is impaired when long term potentiation is disrupted due to a lesion in the ____ region of the hippocampus.

A

Associative; CA3

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11
Q

L2: _______ neurons undergo longterm potentiation, the basis for memory consolidation.

A

CA1 and CA3

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12
Q

L2: _________ neurons arise from the CA3 neurons and synapse on the ____ neurons.

A

Schaeffer Collateral; CA1

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13
Q

L2: _______: an indistinct ridge of tissue extending from the amygdala along the anterior perforated substance, curving into the interhemispheric fissure posterior to the medial olfacotr stria

A

Diagonal Band of Broca

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14
Q

L2: Amygdalar cells involved in appetitive conditioning project to the ________.

A

Nucleus accumbens

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15
Q

L2: Basolateral amygdalae neurons project to circuits for reward by providing input to the _______.

A

Nucleus accumbens

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16
Q

L2: CAMKII phosphorylates _______.

A

AMPA receptors and itself

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17
Q

L2: Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain release ACh in the ________.

A

insular cortex

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18
Q

L2: Coding of short-term memory occurs in the _______.

A

sensory cortex

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19
Q

L2: Coding of working memory occurs in the _______.

A

frontal lobes

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20
Q

L2: Exposure to a food results in stimulation of cholinergic neurons in the _______.

A

basal forebrain

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21
Q

L2: Fear extinction is mediated by neurons originating in the _______.

A

Medial prefrontal cortex

22
Q

L2: Hippocampal output comes from cells in the ________, leaving via the _____.

A

CA1 and CA3 regions (Ammon’s Horn); fornix

23
Q

L2: In Broca’s limbic lobe, the _____ feeds into the hippocampus.

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

24
Q

L2: In Broca’s limbic lobe, the outputs for the hippocampus are _________.

A

Parahippocampal gyrus, fornix

25
Q

L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, paitents with______ do not show a stress response with bad decks.

A

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)

26
Q

L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, patients with _____ lesions showed no sin conductance in response to the receipt of rewards and punishment.

A

amygdala

27
Q

L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, patients with ______ lesions tend to draw from decks that give poor outcomes, even though they know they are losing

A

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)

28
Q

L2: In the Olds Self-Stimulation Experiments, the _____ was found to be a particularly strong reinforcing area.

A

Medial forebrain bundle

29
Q

L2: Input to the hippocampus arrives from the ______ via the _______.

A

entorhinal cortex; perforant path

30
Q

L2: Lesions in the striatum, cerebellum, or frontal cortex impair _____ memory.

A

procedural

31
Q

L2: Memories of emotional experiences are encoded in the strengths of synaptic connections in the ________.

A

Lateral nuclei of the amydalae (basolateral amygdalae)

32
Q

L2: Mossy fibers from the ______ also synapse on the _____ region of Ammon’s Horn

A

Dentate gyrus; CA3

33
Q

L2: Papez overestimated the role of ______ in emotional processes.

A

Hippocampus

34
Q

L2: Papez’s Circuit: Cingulate gyrus > _______

A

Hippocampus

35
Q

L2: Papez’s Circuit: Fornix > ________

A

Hypothalamus

36
Q

L2: Papez’s Circuit: Hippocampus > _______

A

Fornix

37
Q

L2: Papez’s Circuit: Hypothalamus > ________ > Cortex

A

Anterior thalamic nuclei

38
Q

L2: Papez’s Circuit: the _______ provides feedback to the cingulate gyrus.

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

L2: Perforant path axons synapse on the ________.

A

Dentate gyrus, CA3 region (Ammon’s Horn)

40
Q

L2: Stimulation of insular cortex neurons by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons causes _________.

A

Phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor

41
Q

L2: The ______ in the amygdala mediates the release of CRH.

A

Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

42
Q

L2: The ______ receives afferent stimulation from the viscera and projects this information to insular cortex neurons to pair aversive effects to taste sensations

A

amygdala

43
Q

L2: The _______ is the main output structure of the amydala, providing _____-ergic output.

A

Central Nucleus of the Amygdala; GABA

44
Q

L2: The _______ seems to be important for the prediction of consequences.

A

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)

45
Q

L2: The ________ is the ventral striatum and pallidum, located posterior to the olfactory stria

A

Anterior perforated substance

46
Q

L2: The central nucleus of the amygdala projects to the ___________.

A

Midbrain reticular formation, hypothalamus

47
Q

L2: The lateral nucleus of the amygdala receives input from the ________.

A

Auditory and somatosensory cortices

48
Q

L2: The lateral nucleus of the amygdala transmits information to the _________.

A

Central nucleus of the amygdala

49
Q

L2: VTA neurons can be divided into populations that project to the ______ (_____ pathway) and _______ (______ pathway).

A

nucleus accumbens/mesolimbic, prefrontal cortex/mesocortical

50
Q

L3: Basolateral amydalae neurons can elicit fear via _______-ergic synapses providing input to the ______ and _______.

A

glutamatergic; basolateral amygdalae, bed nuclei of the stria terminalis

Neuro (40 decks)

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