Unit 3: Cerebellum Flashcards
L1: _____ fibers fire when the inferior olivary nucleus detects a discrepancy between planned and actual motor performance
Climbing
L1: _____ fibers originate in the _______ and contact only a about a dozen Purkinje fibers
Climbing; contralateral inferior olivary nucleus
L1: _____ fibers provide ______ input to granule cells.
Mossy; excitatory
L1: Anatomical location of corticocerebellum
lateral hemispheres
L1: Cell layer beneath the molecular layer and above the granule cell layer
Purkinje fiber layer
L1: Cerebellar fibers decussate _______ (rostral/caudal) to the cerebellum
Rostral
L1: Cerebellar lesions can result in ______ tremors.
Intention
L1: Cerebellar lesions result in ___-lateral deficits
ipsi-
L1: Climbing fiber input results in a _____ spike.
complex
L1: Dendrites of Purkinje fibers lie in the _____ layer.
molecular
L1: Each ______ cell is contacted by a single _____ fiber.
Purkinje; climbing
L1: Input and output of corticocerebellum
Cortical regions
L1: Mossy fiber input results in a _____ spike.
simple
L1: The ______ acts as a comparator for actual and expected movement
inferior olivary nucleus
L1: The major inputs to the cerebellum are carried in the ________.
Inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles
L1: The major outputs from the cerebellum are carried in the _______.
Superior cerebellar peduncle
L1: What term? Inability of a patient to bring a limb to the desired/required point in space
dysmetria
L1: What term? Inability of a patient to execute rapid alternating movements
dysdiadochokinesia
L1: What term? Loss of coordination or timing of muscles
ataxia
L1: Which anatomical region of the cerebellum does not synapse in the deep nuclei?
Flocculonodular lobe
L2: ______ have fibers that project to the ______ layer where the bifurcate into ______ fibers.
Granule cells; molecular; parallel
L2: ______: inhibitory interneurons scattered in the molecular layer
Basket and stellate cells
L2: _____-ergic neurons from the _______ supply input to the inferior olivary nucleus
GABA; deep cerebellar nuclei
L2: Anatomical location of spinocerebellum
Vermis and paravermal region
L2: Anatomical location of vestibulocerebellum
Flocculonodular lobe
L2: Basket cells and stellate cells supply _____ input to Purkinje fibers.
inhibitory
L2: Climbing fiber firing results in activation of Purkinje cells simultaneously with ______, resulting in ________.
Parallel fibers; Long-term depression
L2: Efferent connections: Lateral hemispheres > _____ nucleus > ______
Dentate; contralateral ventrolateral (VL) thalamus to cortex
L2: Efferent connections: Paravermal region > _____ nucleus > _________
Nucleus interpositus; contralateral red nucleus
L2: Firing of the ION climbing fibers occurs when the input from _______ and _______ neurons does not cancel out.
GABA-ergic deep cerebellar nuclei, afferent sensory
L2: Input and output of vestibulocerebellum
vestibular organs; vestibular nucleus
L2: Long Term Depression ______ Purkinje fiber response to parallel fiber synapses
decreases
L2: Mossy and climbing fibers supply _____ input to the deep cerebellar nuclei
excitatory
L2: Parallel fibers and climbing fibers supply _____ input to Purkinje cells
excitatory
L2: Purkinje fibers supply _____ input to the deep cerebellar nuclei
inhibitory
L2: The ______ conveys joint angle calculations to the premotor cortex where calculations between actual and desired location are made
parietal cortex
L2: The cerebellum can be described as _________ controller.
an adaptive feed-forward
L2: The deep nuclei receive excitatory input from _______ fibers.
mossy and climbing
L2: The only output from the cerebellar cortex is via ______ fibers, which supply _____ input to the deep nuclei
Purkinje; inhibitory
L2: The parietal cortex supplies ______ fibers that synapse on _______ fibers.
corticopontine; pontocerebellar mossy
L2: The vermal and paravermal regions receive input from the _______.
spinal cord
L2: Three functional regions of the crerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, corticocerebellum
L3: Efferent connections: Vermal region > _____ nucleus > __________
fastigial; vestibular nucleus, pontine reticular formation
L3: Function of the corticocerebellum
Initiation, planning, timing
L3: Function of the paravermal spinocerebellum
Distal Motor control
L3: Function of the vermal spinocerebellum
Posture, locomotion, gaze (axial)
L3: Function of the vestibulocerebellum
Balance, eye movement
L3: HANDS Tremor
hypotonia, ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, stance/gait, intention tremor
L3: Information from the motor cortices synapses with __________ nuclei and then proceeds to the ______ of the cerebellum.
ipsilateral pontine nuclei; contralateral lateral hemispheres
L3: Input and output of spinocerebellum
spinal afferents; motor control nuclei
