Unit 3: Cerebellum

Question 1

L1: _____ fibers fire when the inferior olivary nucleus detects a discrepancy between planned and actual motor performance

Answer 1

Climbing

Question 2

L1: _____ fibers originate in the _______ and contact only a about a dozen Purkinje fibers

Answer 2

Climbing; contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

Question 3

L1: _____ fibers provide ______ input to granule cells.

Answer 3

Mossy; excitatory

Question 4

L1: Anatomical location of corticocerebellum

Answer 4

lateral hemispheres

Question 5

L1: Cell layer beneath the molecular layer and above the granule cell layer

Answer 5

Purkinje fiber layer

Question 6

L1: Cerebellar fibers decussate _______ (rostral/caudal) to the cerebellum

Answer 6

Rostral

Question 7

L1: Cerebellar lesions can result in ______ tremors.

Answer 7

Intention

Question 8

L1: Cerebellar lesions result in ___-lateral deficits

Answer 8

ipsi-

Question 9

L1: Climbing fiber input results in a _____ spike.

Answer 9

complex

Question 10

L1: Dendrites of Purkinje fibers lie in the _____ layer.

Answer 10

molecular

Question 11

L1: Each ______ cell is contacted by a single _____ fiber.

Answer 11

Purkinje; climbing

Question 12

L1: Input and output of corticocerebellum

Answer 12

Cortical regions

Question 13

L1: Mossy fiber input results in a _____ spike.

Answer 13

simple

Question 14

L1: The ______ acts as a comparator for actual and expected movement

Answer 14

inferior olivary nucleus

Question 15

L1: The major inputs to the cerebellum are carried in the ________.

Answer 15

Inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles

Question 16

L1: The major outputs from the cerebellum are carried in the _______.

Answer 16

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 17

L1: What term? Inability of a patient to bring a limb to the desired/required point in space

Answer 17

dysmetria

Question 18

L1: What term? Inability of a patient to execute rapid alternating movements

Answer 18

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 19

L1: What term? Loss of coordination or timing of muscles

Answer 19

ataxia

Question 20

L1: Which anatomical region of the cerebellum does not synapse in the deep nuclei?

Answer 20

Flocculonodular lobe

Question 21

L2: ______ have fibers that project to the ______ layer where the bifurcate into ______ fibers.

Answer 21

Granule cells; molecular; parallel

Question 22

L2: ______: inhibitory interneurons scattered in the molecular layer

Answer 22

Basket and stellate cells

Question 23

L2: _____-ergic neurons from the _______ supply input to the inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 23

GABA; deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 24

L2: Anatomical location of spinocerebellum

Answer 24

Vermis and paravermal region

Question 25

L2: Anatomical location of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 25

Flocculonodular lobe

Question 26

L2: Basket cells and stellate cells supply _____ input to Purkinje fibers.

Answer 26

inhibitory

Question 27

L2: Climbing fiber firing results in activation of Purkinje cells simultaneously with ______, resulting in ________.

Answer 27

Parallel fibers; Long-term depression

Question 28

L2: Efferent connections: Lateral hemispheres > _____ nucleus > ______

Answer 28

Dentate; contralateral ventrolateral (VL) thalamus to cortex

Question 29

L2: Efferent connections: Paravermal region > _____ nucleus > _________

Answer 29

Nucleus interpositus; contralateral red nucleus

Question 30

L2: Firing of the ION climbing fibers occurs when the input from _______ and _______ neurons does not cancel out.

Answer 30

GABA-ergic deep cerebellar nuclei, afferent sensory

Question 31

L2: Input and output of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 31

vestibular organs; vestibular nucleus

Question 32

L2: Long Term Depression ______ Purkinje fiber response to parallel fiber synapses

Answer 32

decreases

Question 33

L2: Mossy and climbing fibers supply _____ input to the deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 33

excitatory

Question 34

L2: Parallel fibers and climbing fibers supply _____ input to Purkinje cells

Answer 34

excitatory

Question 35

L2: Purkinje fibers supply _____ input to the deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 35

inhibitory

Question 36

L2: The ______ conveys joint angle calculations to the premotor cortex where calculations between actual and desired location are made

Answer 36

parietal cortex

Question 37

L2: The cerebellum can be described as _________ controller.

Answer 37

an adaptive feed-forward

Question 38

L2: The deep nuclei receive excitatory input from _______ fibers.

Answer 38

mossy and climbing

Question 39

L2: The only output from the cerebellar cortex is via ______ fibers, which supply _____ input to the deep nuclei

Answer 39

Purkinje; inhibitory

Question 40

L2: The parietal cortex supplies ______ fibers that synapse on _______ fibers.

Answer 40

corticopontine; pontocerebellar mossy

Question 41

L2: The vermal and paravermal regions receive input from the _______.

Answer 41

spinal cord

Question 42

L2: Three functional regions of the crerebellum

Answer 42

Vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, corticocerebellum

Question 43

L3: Efferent connections: Vermal region > _____ nucleus > __________

Answer 43

fastigial; vestibular nucleus, pontine reticular formation

Question 44

L3: Function of the corticocerebellum

Answer 44

Initiation, planning, timing

Question 45

L3: Function of the paravermal spinocerebellum

Answer 45

Distal Motor control

Question 46

L3: Function of the vermal spinocerebellum

Answer 46

Posture, locomotion, gaze (axial)

Question 47

L3: Function of the vestibulocerebellum

Answer 47

Balance, eye movement

Question 48

L3: HANDS Tremor

Answer 48

hypotonia, ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, stance/gait, intention tremor

Question 49

L3: Information from the motor cortices synapses with __________ nuclei and then proceeds to the ______ of the cerebellum.

Answer 49

ipsilateral pontine nuclei; contralateral lateral hemispheres

Question 50

L3: Input and output of spinocerebellum

Answer 50

spinal afferents; motor control nuclei