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Unit 1: Autonomic Nervous System Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

L1: Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic neurons for the sympathetic system

A

1:20-50

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2
Q

L1: Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release ______, which binds at a ______ receptor.

A

ACh; muscarinic cholinergic (M1-M4)

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3
Q

L1: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons at end organs typically release ______, which binds at _____ receptors.

A

Norepinephrine; alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1

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4
Q

L1: Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons release ______, which binds at a _____ receptor.

A

ACh; N-N

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5
Q

L1: Preganglionic sympathetic neurons release _____, which binds at a _____ receptor.

A

ACh; N-N

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6
Q

L1: Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic system

A

~1:1

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7
Q

L1: The adrenal medulla releases ______ into the circulation, which interacts at _____ receptors.

A

Epinephrine; adrenergic

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8
Q

L1: The dominant system determining tone is typically the ____, except in the ______.

A

PNS; vasculature

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9
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate decreased insulin release from the pancreas.

A

alpha-2

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10
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate increased insulin release from the pancreas

A

beta-2

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11
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate shakiness/tremors in skeletal muscles

A

beta-2

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12
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate smooth muscle relaxation of the GI tract.

A

beta-2

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13
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally meadiate bronchodilation.

A

beta-2

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14
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate a decrease in heart rate, AV conduction rate, and inotropy.

A

muscarinic

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15
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate bladder wall muscle relaxation and increased continence in the GU system

A

beta-3

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16
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate bronchoconstriction.

A

muscarinic

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17
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate ejaculation in the male GU system.

A

alpha-1

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18
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased aqueous humor outflow (decreased intraocular pressure)

A

alpha-1 and muscarinic

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19
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased glycogenolysis and increased blood glucose in the liver. (2)

A

beta-2

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20
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased HR, AV conduction rate, and inotropy

A

beta-1

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21
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased lipolysis in fat cells.

A

beta-3

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22
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased production of aqueous humor.

A

beta-2

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23
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased renin release

A

beta-1

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24
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased secretions and motility in the GI tract.

A

muscarinic

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25
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate miosis and accommodation in the eye.

A

muscarinic

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26
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate mydriasis of the eye.

A

alpha-1

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27
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate relaxation of sphincters in the GI and GU tracts.

A

muscarinic

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28
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate smooth muscle relaxation of the GI tract.

A

alpha-2

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29
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate sphincter constriction and increased continence in the GU system

A

alpha-1

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30
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate uterine muscle wall relaxation.

A

beta-2

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31
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate vasoconstriction of vasculature of the upper respiratory tract mucosa

A

alpha-1

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32
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate vasoconstriction.

A

alpha-1

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33
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate vasodilation.

A

beta-2 and muscarinic

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34
Q

L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ____ aqueous humor outflow (_____ intraocular pressure)

A

increased; decreased

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35
Q

L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ____ of the eye.

A

mydriasis

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36
Q

L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in the male GU system.

A

ejaculation

37
Q

L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate sphincter ______ and _____ continence in the GU system

A

contraction; increased

38
Q

L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate vaso____ of vasculature of the upper respiratory tract mucosa

A

constriction

39
Q

L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate vaso_____.

A

constriction

40
Q

L2: alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) _____ blood pressure by ______ the sympathetic output from the CNS

A

decrease; decreasing

41
Q

L2: alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ insulin release from the pancreas.

42
Q

L2: alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate smooth muscle ______ of the GI tract.

A

relaxation

43
Q

L2: beta-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ HR, AV conduction rate, and inotropy

44
Q

L2: beta-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ renin release

45
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally meadiate broncho_____

46
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ insulin release from the pancreas

47
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ production of aqueous humor.

48
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in the liver. (2)

A

increased glycogenolysis; increased blood glucose

49
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in skeletal muscles

A

shakiness/tremors

50
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate smooth muscle ______ of the GI tract.

A

relaxation

51
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate uterine muscle wall _______.

A

relaxation

52
Q

L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate vaso_____.

53
Q

L2: beta-3 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in fat cells.

A

increased lipolysis

54
Q

L2: beta-3 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate bladder wall muscle _____ and _____ continence in the GU system

A

relaxation; increased

55
Q

L2: Both the PNS and SNS systems stimulate saliva production, but PNS stimulates saliva that is _____, while SNS stimulates saliva that is ______.

A

Profuse/water; Scant/viscous

56
Q

L2: In cutaneous tissue, mucous membranes, and splanchnic vasculature, ___-adrenergic input predominates

57
Q

L2: In determining adrenergic inputs on blood pressure, ____ adrenergic receptors tend to decrease the blood pressure.

A

alpha-2 and beta-2

58
Q

L2: In determining adrenergic inputs on blood pressure, ____ adrenergic receptors tend to increase the blood pressure.

A

alpha-1 and beta-1

59
Q

L2: In renal vasculature vasoconstriction or vasodilation is determined by the balance of inputs from ___ and ___ receptors.

A

alpha-1 adrenergic and D1 dopaminergic

60
Q

L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate ____ flow of aqueous humor in the eye (_____ IOP)

A

increased; decreased

61
Q

L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate _____ in the eye. (2)

A

miosis and accommodation

62
Q

L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate _____ of sphincters in the GI and GU tracts.

A

relaxation

63
Q

L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate _____ secretions and motility in the GI tract.

64
Q

L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate a ____ in heart rate, AV conduction rate, and inotropy.

65
Q

L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate broncho_______.

A

constriction

66
Q

L2: Muscarinic receptors generally mediate vaso_______, resulting in _____ blood pressure

A

dilation; decreased

67
Q

L2: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons in sweat glands release _____, which binds at _____ receptors.

A

ACh; muscarinic cholinergic

68
Q

L2: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the renal vascular smooth muscle release _____, which interacts at _____ receptors.

A

Dopamine, D1

69
Q

L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the eye?

A

miosis, accommodation, and increased outflow of aqueous humor

70
Q

L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the GI and GU tracts?

A

Increased secretions and motility, relaxation of sphincters

71
Q

L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the heart?

A

Decrease HR, AV conduction, and inotropy

72
Q

L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the Lungs?

A

Bronchoconstriction

73
Q

L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the vasculature?

A

None; Vasculature has no PNS innervation

74
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

increase renin release (beta-1)

75
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on fat cells?

A

Increased lipolysis (beta-3)

76
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on insulin release?

A

major decrease (alpha-2) and minor increase (beta-2)

77
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on skeletal muscles?

A

Tremors/shaking (beta-2)

78
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the eye?

A

Mydriasis (alpha-1), increased production of aqueous humor (beta-2), increased aqueous outflow/decreased IOP (alpha-1)

79
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the GI tract?

A

Smooth muscle relaxation (alpha-2 and beta-2)

80
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the GU system?

A

sphincter contraction (alpha-1), bladder muscle relaxation (beta-3), and ejaculation (alpha-1)

81
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the liver?

A

Increased glycogenolysis and blood glucose (beta-2)

82
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the lungs?

A

Bronchodilation (beta-2)

83
Q

L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on uterine muscle?

A

Relaxation (beta-2)

84
Q

L4: Name the effects of alpha-1 receptors. (5)

A

vasoconstriction, mydriasis, increased aqueous humor flow, GU spincter contraction, ejaculation,

85
Q

L4: Name the effects of alpha-2 receptors. (3)

A

decrease sympathetic output from the CNS, smooth muscle relaxation in the GI tract, decreased insulin release

86
Q

L4: Name the effects of beta-1 receptors (4)

A

increased HR, increased AV conduction velocity, increased inotropy, increased renin release

87
Q

L4: Name the effects of beta-2 receptors. (9)

A

vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased production of aqueous humor, relaxation of smooth muscle of the GI tract, uterine wall relaxation, shakiness/tremors in skeletal muscle, increased glycogenolysis, increased blood glucose, increased insulin release

88
Q

L4: Name the effects of beta-3 receptors (2)

A

bladder wall relaxation, increased lipolysis

Neuro (40 decks)

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