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Neuro > Unit 3: Movement Disorders > Flashcards

Unit 3: Movement Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

L1: “Ka” speech evaluates CN __.

A

X

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2
Q

L1: “La” speech evaluates CN __.

A

XII

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3
Q

L1: “Pa” speech evaluates CN __.

A

VII

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4
Q

L1: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Blocks decarboxylase, does not cross blood-brain barrier

A

Carbidopa

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5
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Brief, intermittent movements or sounds, varying in intensity and repeated at irregular intervals

A

Tics

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6
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Chorea-athetosis, dementia, and psychiatric illness

A

Huntington Disease

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7
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Gross atrophy of caudate nucleus due to loss of medium spiny neurons

A

Huntington Disease

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8
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Hereditary ataxia with limb ataxia, dysarthria, loss of distal position/vibration sense, areflexia, lower extremity UMN signs

A

Friedreich’s Ataxia

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9
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Motor and vocal tics, poor impulse control, associated with OCD and ADHD

A

Tourette Syndrome

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10
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Motor seizures, psychosis and personality disorders from temporal lobe involvement

A

Complex seizures

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11
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Resting tremor, typically non-disabling and unilateral, rigidity, bradykinesia

A

Parkinson Disease

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12
Q

L2: Neuroleptic dopamine receptor antagonist used in Huntington disease

A

Haloperidol

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13
Q

L2: Positive findings (intention tremor) in the finger-nose-finger test or heel-shin test indicate ______.

A

dysmetria

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14
Q

L2: Pronator drift positivity indicates ________.

A

UMN syndrome: ipsilateral cerebellum/contralateral cortex

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15
Q

L2: What is the histologic pattern associated with Huntington Disease?

A

Caudate atrophy/gliosis

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16
Q

L2: What is the histologic pattern associated with Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Lewy Bodies and Lewy neurites in neuron processes

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17
Q

L2: What is the histologic pattern associated with Wilson’s disease?

A

Copper deposits in the putamen and globus pallidus

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18
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Dragging toes, tightness of hip flexors that can result in midline crossing/scissored gait

A

Diplegic gait

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19
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Foot drop, attempt to lift foot high enough such that it does not drag

A

Neuropathic gait

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20
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Irregular jerky involuntary movements in all extremities, dancing/prancing

A

Choreiform gait

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21
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Loss of proprioceptive input from feet, patient slams foot into ground to know when it contacts the ground

A

Sensory gait

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22
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Patient holds flexed/adducted/internally rotated arm to side and circumducts foot

A

Hemiparetic gait

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23
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Rigidity, bradykinesia, slow little steps, difficulty initiating steps

A

Bradykinetic/Parkinsonian gait

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24
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Seen in biventricular lesions like cerebral palsy

A

Diplegic gait

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25
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Spasticity in lower extremity with abnormally narrow base

A

Diplegic gait

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26
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Staggering clumsy movements with wide-based gait, inability to walk heel to toe or in a straight line

A

Ataxic gait

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27
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Stooped posture with neck forward and flexion at knees

A

Bradykinetic/Parkinsonian gait

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28
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Unilateral or bilateral weakness that leads to drop of pelvis and waddling if bilateral

A

Myopathic gait

29
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Unilateral UMN injury resulting in plantar flexion and leg extension on affected side

A

Hemiparetic gait

30
Q

L2: Which movement or psychiatric disorder can be elicited from the following treatment? Anti-psychotics

A

Parkinsonism

31
Q

L2: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Decreases cholinergic inhibitory interneuron activity in the striatum

A

Anticholinergic agents

32
Q

L2: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Increases endogenous release of dopamine, may work as glutamate receptor antagonist

A

Amantadine

33
Q

L2: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Not as effective as L-DOPA, side effects parasympathetic block peripherally

A

Anticholinergic agents

34
Q

L2: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Prevents breakdown of dopamine, can cause dangerous episodes of hypertension following NOR release

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

35
Q

L2: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Prevents breakdown of L-DOPA by COMT

A

Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors

36
Q

L2: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Used to smoothen the short half-life of L-DOPA and decrease dyskinesia

A

Dopamine Receptor Agonists

37
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Active opposition of any passive movement despite instruction to relax

A

Gegenhalten/paratonia

38
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Bilateral and disabling tremor (often postural) most commonly affecting the hands

A

Essential Tremor

39
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Co-contration of muscle agonists and antagonists, twisting abnormal postures resulting from sustained muscle contractions

A

Dystonia

40
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Exaggerated startle

A

hyperekplexia

41
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Glial alpha-synuclein inclusions

A

Multiple Systems Atrophy

42
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? HANDS Tremor signs

A

Cerebellar extra-pyramidal signs

43
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Irregular, brief, dancing-like jerky movements

A

Chorea

44
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Large amplitude proximal flinging movements

A

ballism

45
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Localized quivering of few muscle bundles

A

myokymia

46
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Neuronal alpha-synuclein inclusions

A

Parkinson Disease, Diffuse Lewy Body Disease

47
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Repeated or ritualistic movement or utterance

A

stereotypy

48
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Repetitive involuntary, slow sinuous writhing movements

A

Chorea-athetosis

49
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Sudden brief shock-like movements

A

myoclonus

50
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Tremor, hypokinetic signs, hyperkinetic signs, dystonia

A

Basal ganglia extra-pyramidal signs

51
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Unpleasant sensation of inner restlessness (inability to remain motionless)

A

akathisia

52
Q

L2: Which tests are used to evaluate for dysmetria?

A

Finger-nose-finger, Heel-shin

53
Q

L2: Which pathologic pattern? Wing-beating tremor (basal ganglia degeneration), depression, exhibitionism, psychosis

A

Wilson Disease

54
Q

L3: Name the three components of Multiple System Atrophy

A

Striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, intermediolateral column degeneration

55
Q

L3: Treatment for Essential Tremor (2)

A

Primidone, Propranolol

56
Q

L3: Treatment for Tourette Syndrome or Huntington Disease (2)

A

Tetrabenazine, neuroleptics (dopamine receptor antagonists)

57
Q

L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with ataxias?

A

atrophy of cerebellar folia, loss of Purkinje cells

58
Q

L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Corticobasal Degeneration?

A

Tau-immunoreactive inclusions, cerebral cortical atrophy

59
Q

L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Diffuse Lewy Body Disease?

A

Lewy bodies diffusely distributed, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

60
Q

L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Multiple Systems Atrophy?

A

Glial alpha-synuclein inclusions distributed broadly

61
Q

L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy?

A

Neurofibrillary tangles in neurons, tau-immunoreactive glia (especially in the basal ganglia)

62
Q

L3: Which movement or psychiatric disorder can be elicited from the following treatment? L-DOPA/Parkinson’s therapeutics

A

Hallucinations, delusions, erratic behaviors

63
Q

L3: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Anticholinergic agents (3)

A

Diphenhydramine, Trihexyphenidyl, benztropine

64
Q

L3: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? COMT inhibitors (2)

A

tolcapone, entacapone

65
Q

L3: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (2)

A

rasagiline, selegiline

66
Q

L3: Which pathologic pattern? Classified as tauopathies (3)

A

Dementing diseases, Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)

67
Q

L3: Which pathologic pattern? Synucleinopathies involving Lewy bodies (3)

A

Parkinson Disease, Diffuse Lewy Body Disease, Multiple Systems Atrophy

68
Q

L4: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Dopamine Receptor Agonists (5)

A

Pergolide, cabergoline, ropinerole, pramipexole, bromocriptine

69
Q

L4: Which pathologic pattern? Disorders presenting with parkinsonism and substantia nigra disorder (5)

A

Parkinson Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Pick Disease, Corticobasal degeneration

Neuro (40 decks)

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