unit 1b bio - matter and energy Flashcards

1
Q

matter

A

can be conserved, tanserved, and recycled

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2
Q

energy

A

can be trnaformed or tranfered. But can not be recycled.

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3
Q

quick explanation of photosynthesis

A

converts matter inot a usable form

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4
Q

quick explantion of cellular respriation

A

tranfers energy into usable form

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5
Q

matter detailed explantion

A

matter is conserved in chemical reactions, meaning the total amout remains constant even when it changes form. Int he photosynthesis matter is cahnged to uable fomr glucose. in the reactions number of moleces is the same.

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6
Q

energy detialed explantion

A

energy transferred from one form to another. Photosynthesis captures light energy and sotes it glucose as chemical bonds, while cellular respriation realeases this sotred enrgy in an usable form for the cell like ATP.

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7
Q

photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle

A

phto converts light enegy and stores it as chemical energy in the bonds of lucose. The, cellrespeation converts the chemical energy for ATP for cells to use.

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8
Q

key point for outputa and inputs

A

the outputs of one of the process becomes the input for the other. shows a continous cycle.

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9
Q

cellular respiration equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

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10
Q

Autotroph

A
  • producers
  • can make their own food using sunlight
  • plants, algi, some bacteira
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11
Q

photosyntheis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H20 + light energy —-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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12
Q

heterotroph

A
  • consumers
  • can not build their own food
  • animals, fungi, and most bacteria
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13
Q

stomata

A

leaves have opeaniga called stomata that is used to exchange gases . CO2 and oxygen

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14
Q

xylem

A

leaaves have xylem for water transport

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15
Q

phloem

A

leaves have phloem for sugar transport.

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16
Q

mesophyll

A

the mesophyll cells have the chloroplasts

17
Q

the 2 main parts of chloroplasts

A

Grana, and Stroma

18
Q

Grana

A

has stacks of thylakois Which are flattened sturctures that have chlorophyll

19
Q

stroma

A

the gell like space outside of the thylakoid

20
Q

chlorophyll

A
  • the main pigment in chloroplast that absobs light
  • absobs mostly violet blue light anf re-orange light
21
Q

2 steps of photosyntheisi

A

1- light dependant reactionand 2 - light indepndant reaction/ calvin cycle

22
Q

light dependant reaction

A
  • occus in thylakind
  • water and sunlight needed
  • oxygen is realseaed
23
Q

indepndant reaction/ calvin cycle

A
  • occus in stroma
  • need co2
  • uses energy from light dependant reaction to build sugars.
24
Q

light affecting photpsyntheisis

A

low liight = low rae of photosytheiss
- light past the optimun has no effect

  • the smae with co2
25
Q

temperature affecting photosyntheisi

A
  • incrasing or decraing past optimum as result in lower rates .
  • this is beacause the enzymes are cataylased
26
Q

ATP and ADP cycle

A
  • energy realsed by bearking the chemical bond in the 2nd and 3rd phosphate. this is where ATP becomes ADP. then energy can be soted agagin as the 3rd phostpat eis added back. happed back and forth
27
Q

hydrolysis

A

realease of energy

28
Q

synthesis

A

building of energy

29
Q

where does cellular respriration occur

A

in ekarityes occurs in mitochondira and in prokayotes occues in the cell membrane

30
Q

2 kinds of cellular resriation

A

aerobic and anorobic

31
Q

aerobis

A
  • with oxygen
  • makes 36-38 atps
  • more effective and used in more complex cells
32
Q

anaerobic

A
  • without oxygen
  • makes 2 ATp
    ineffeive for simplir cells
33
Q

steps in serobic respiration

A

1- glycolyssis - happens in cytoplam where glocose is boken down and make 2 atp

2- krebs cycle - happens in mitochondria , co2 is realesed and 2 atp

3- Electrom tranposrt chain (ETC) - happne sin mitochondira , 32-34 apt and water released

34
Q

steps of anaerobic respiration

A

-1 glycolysis : created 2 atp and
2 - lactic acid or alcholic fermentation

35
Q

alcholoic fermenation

A
  • occurs in fungi, yeast, and bacterial cells, by product is ethyl achohol and co2
36
Q

Lactic acid fermentation

A
  • occus in muscle cells,
  • by product is lactic acid, the build up of this acid causes sore muscles.