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9th grade > hum geo popuplation unit 2 > Flashcards

hum geo popuplation unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

pouplation distrubution

A

where people live in a geographic area. Is influenced by physical, enviromental, and human factors.

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2
Q

pouplation distrubution patterns

A

unifrom, clusters, linear, disperased, random

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3
Q

where do most people live

A

areas with low elevation, temperate climate, and accessibility to water Where they are able to meet basic needs.

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4
Q

climate

A

long term pattern in weaather

30 to 60 north and sotuh have temperate climates
60 to 90 north and south have freezing cold climates

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5
Q

flat low laying areas are

A

good for easy building, planting, and transporting goods

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6
Q

River Vally are

A

rich in soil, support dense pouplations

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7
Q

aqufiers

A

underground water sources

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8
Q

Economic factros as to where people live

A

live where they can earn a living, where technocgy and infrastructure is high,

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9
Q

political factros as to where people live

A

people may not live in areas with war or political instability

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10
Q

cultural factros as to where people live

A

housing avilibity, saftery, acess to transportation, can be dur to religion and certain roles in society

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11
Q

Historical factros as to where people live

A

places with more people in the now have a long history of hisrty habitaton in the past

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12
Q

2/3 of the worlds pouplation is clustered in

A

India, Pakistan, Bagaledesh, Chna, Japan, The islands

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13
Q

emerginf pouplation clusters

A

notheastern U.S and Sub Saharan Africa

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14
Q

sotht africa

A

least urbanized but fastest urbanizing

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15
Q

humans aviod to live in places

A

with dry, wet, cold, high lands

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16
Q

Ecumene

A

places of permenant human settlemet

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17
Q

consequences of pouplation distrubution social

A

can affect the quality of life, providing services to a culutered pop is easer than dispersed pop. Clustered pouplations have more public services.

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18
Q

evenly dispered poplated areas

A

core more developed countires

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19
Q

scattered pouplations

A

periphery less developed countries

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20
Q

consequences of pouplation distrubution Impact on Environment

A

can create strain on arebel land and resources, increased risk of an area exceding its carrying capacity, risk of evironmetal degradation.

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21
Q

DEpendacy ratio

A

the number of people in the dependatn age group divided by the number of people in the working are group. times 100

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22
Q

15 to 65 age

A

potiental workforce

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23
Q

15 under and 65 over

A

youth and elderly dependats

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24
Q

Dependacy rations can help to

A

compare societies over time, compare different areas, show current anf futre productivity, predict challenges for the future

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24
Q

Factors that affect sex ratio

A

child mortalit, coutres with high immigration for men, deaths of men in war, cultural perferance for boys.

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25
Q

what is the pouplation replacemtn level

A

the # of childern needd to keep the county’s pouplation constant. 2 childern per womam

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25
Q

Crude Birth RAte

A

the number od births ina year, can show how developed a country is

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25
Q

Total fertility rate

A

the averge number of childern one woman will have in her child bearing years

26
Q

Crude Death Rate

A

the number od deaths in pouplation

27
Q

causes and effects of CDR

A

A high CDR is a result from a high number of natural deaths among old people when that segment is a large % of the Population
A high CDR can result from unclean water, inadequate health care, and poor housing
The CDR can spike due to natural disasters or increase for longer periods due to disease or war.

28
Q

Demographic Transtion model

A

represents the shifts in growth that he world’s populations have undergone over time
Each stage of The DTM is characterized by the relationship between birth rates and death rates
Geographers use the DTM to better understand the relative stability of population and the factors that have contributed to population growth.
According to the model, all regions, countries, and societies go through the first 4 stages and they rarely return to an earlier stage.

29
Q

DTM stage one

A
  • there is never a stage one coutnry
  • pre - industrial age, early times, Dark Ages
    -Less food no health
    -agrarian society ( agricultural society)
    -High birth rate, no birth control
    -High death rate because of low standard of living and no medical care
30
Q

Stage 2 DTM

A

Industrial Revolution/new inventions
Warming period : more food = more people = not everybody needed to farm = Industrial Revolution = Agricultural revolution = Urban revolutio : THESE LED TO STAGE 3
Farming and Medicine starting to emerge
Death rates begin to fall because of higher food supply and medical advancements
Birth rates are still high
Life expect each begins to increase due to agricultural production
CBR = High
CDR= Rapidly decreasing
Population increase
Secondary economic sector

31
Q

stage 3 DTM

A

India, Mexico, China
mature industrial economy
both rates droptor
fertility begins to fall as more children live to begin adults
Higher standards of living makes having kids expensive
small families
population growth slows
more people living in cities/ less babies
tertiary sector
CBR = decreasing
CDR = Decreasing

32
Q

stage 4 DTM

A

U.S, Canada
post industrial economy more recent
birth and death rates and very low
population grows slowly or can even begin decrease
Birth and Death rates are stable
CBR, CDR, Population : Stable
ZPG : zero Pouplation growth

33
Q

stage 5 DTM

A

taly, Germany, Japan in stage 5
Countries that are deindustrializing
Going from manufacturing to service and information based on industries
Countries facing negative birth rates, people not replacing themselves
Death rate stays the same
CDR = stable
CBR = has potential to fall below the death rate
Population has potential to drop

34
Q

DTM overall overveiw of countires

A

stage 1 and 2 - developing periphery
stage 3 - Newly Industrail countries, Semi periphery
stage 4 and 5 - More developloed countries, core counties

35
Q

Epidemilogic trasition model

A

Describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution - largely as the result of changes causes death.

explains causes of changing death rates

36
Q

ETM stage 1

A

famine

death rate high life expectecy low

37
Q

ETM stage 2

A

Receding pandemic Disease

medice lowers spread of infection
death rate decreases and life expectancy increases

38
Q

ETM stage 3

A

degenerative and huma created diseass

diseases due to aging
death rate low life expectancy increases

39
Q

ETM stage 4

A

delayed degetnrattive diseases

medice slows down death rate

life expectancy at its highest

40
Q

REemergence of infectious dieases

A

increased proverty. Increased interconnectedness - connected through trains, plans, and evolving bacterias/virus

life expectacy decreases

41
Q

Limitations of ETM

A

focuses only on health-related factors, usually diseases

Overlooks the role of poverty, when determining disease risk and mortality
It is unknown how human caused environmental factors might affect the causes of mortality as described in the ETM.

42
Q

Nonvectored disease

A

spread directly from person to person

43
Q

Vectored disease

A

spread through insect,

44
Q

Endemic

A

present in small areas - the Swine flu

45
Q

Epidemic

A

spreads over large regions - Ebola

45
Q

Pandemic

A

spreads world wide - Covid

46
Q

Demographic Momentum :

A

A tendency for growing populations to continue to grow even after decline, because of young age distribution

47
Q

Megalopolis

A

A string of cities where it is hard to tell, where one city ends and where one city begins.

Bosnywash- Boston, New York, Washington

48
Q

SINKS, DINKS

A

Single income no kids
Double income no kids

49
Q

Conurbation

A

When people are older they move into the city or into more rural areas. Moving away from urban areas.

50
Q

Mega city

A
  • A city that has 10 million or more
    has good infrastructure: public transportation, communication, health care. t, education, communication
51
Q

Metacity

A

20 million or more people
Has even more services and higher infrastructure- transportation, education, health, communication

52
Q

economic conswquneses of changes in pouplatin size

A
  • A grwoing pouplation creates greater demand for homes, goods, and services. As demand outgrows supply the price of goods increase
  • a shrinking pouplation leads to vacen properties in cities and a decrease in business
53
Q

political conswquneses of changes in pouplatin size

A

goverments must cope with a grwoing pouplation’s need for infrastructure

53
Q

environmental conswquneses of changes in pouplatin size

A
  • a rapidly growing pouplation may exceed the land’s carrying capacity
  • land degradation: long term damage to the soil’s ability to support life may result from overuse of resources .
53
Q

Social challenges of aging population :

A

traditional family dynamics may be challenged
Fewer young people are available or choose to care for aging parents at home.

53
Q

Social benefits of aging population

A

Retired grandparents can take care of grandchildren, no day care
elderly people strengthen community and family networks.
women’s changing roles in society

53
Q

economic benefits of aging population

A

Older adults send money on food, clothing, housing, and entertainment.
Retirees contribute volunteer hours which can reduce the government’s burden.
The elderly are less likely to commit crimes and do not attend public school, both of which represent the major expenditures for local governments.

54
Q

ecomic challenges of aging population

A

Retirees pay less in income taxes
Long term health care can be costly

54
Q

political results of aging population

A

Changes in the voting demographic may influence who is elected and what policies are enacted.

55
Q

Thmoas Malthus

A

believed that the world was recklessly procreating and that the population was going to overrun the food source. Wanted to kill the poor, mental disability, and physical disabilities to lower the population.
But the world did not run out of food.
GMO, fertilizers - chemicals, pesticides } have helped to create more crops, he did not think about that, he was wrong

56
Q

Ester Boserup

A

said that farmers will always find a way to feed the people no matter what.

57
Q

neo-mathusians

A

believed that malthus was rihgt, even tody. They focus on the damage done to the enviromnement by having too many people . Pacticulrty the role weathy countris of the world.

58
Q

arithimic density

A

number of people per square mile, just pouplation density

59
Q

Physiological density

A

the number of people per unit of arbale land

60
Q

Agicultural density

A

the number of famers per unit of arable land.

9th grade (29 decks)

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