bio unit 3 vocab

Question 1

chart that shows relationships within a family

Answer 1

pedigree

Question 2

genetic make-up of an organism

Answer 2

genotype

Question 3

appearance of a trait in organisms

Answer 3

phenotype

Question 4

used to predict possible offspring in a cross

Answer 4

Punnett square

Question 5

having same alleles for a trait

Answer 5

homozygous

Question 6

have two different alleles for a trait

Answer 6

heterozygous

Question 7

autosomal recessive disorder that causes the red blood cells to have an abnormal hemoglobin causing an abnormal shape

Answer 7

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 8

both alleles in the heterozygote are partially expressed

Answer 8

incomplete dominance

Question 9

tetrad formation and exchange of genetic material in the chromatids

Answer 9

Crossing Over

Question 10

during gamete formation, the alleles of different genes segregate independently of one another, meaning that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait.

Answer 10

Law of Independent assortment

Question 11

chromosome pairs 1-22

Answer 11

autosome

Question 12

a photograph of metaphase chromosomes grouped in pairs

Answer 12

karyotype

Question 13

error in meiosis in which chromosomes fail to separate

Answer 13

nondisjunction

Question 14

one homologous chromosome is missing

Answer 14

monosomy

Question 15

cross involving one trait (a cross involving organisms that are heterozygous for one trait) Aa X Aa

Answer 15

monohybrid cross

Question 16

cross involving two traits (a cross involving organisms that are heterozygous for two traits) AaBb X AaBb

Answer 16

dihybrid cross

Question 17

alternate form of the same trait/gene

Answer 17

allele

Question 18

both alleles in the heterozygote are fully expressed

Answer 18

codominance

Question 19

genes that have more than two alleles for a trait

Answer 19

multiple alleles

Question 20

2n, two complete sets of chromosomes

Answer 20

Diploid

Question 22

a diploid body cell for growth and repair made by the process of mitosis

Answer 22

somatic cell

Question 23

occurs in Prophase I of Meiosis I where nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material - bring about genetic variation in gametes

Answer 23

crossing over

Question 24

The chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid (34->17) in meiosis

Answer 24

chromosome number reduction

Question 25

Homologous pairs of chromosomes orient randomly at metaphase I of meiosis

Answer 25

independent assortment of chromosomes

Question 26

There will be greater genetic variation in the gametes resulting from meiosis due to crossing over, independent assortment and reduction in chromosome number

Answer 26

genetic variation in meiosis

Question 27

a trait that is determined by more than one gene

Answer 27

Polygenic Trait gamete

Question 28

a cell with half a set of chromosomes represented by "n"

Answer 28

haploid

Question 29

disease caused by defective gene on autosome

Answer 29

autosomal disease

Question 30

disease caused by the defective gene on sex chromosome

Answer 30

sex - linked disease

Question 31

during gamete production, alleles for a gene separate

Answer 31

law of segregation

Question 32

The pollen from one plant fertilizes the ova from a different plant

Answer 32

Cross-fertilization

Question 33

The pollen from one plant fertilizes the ova from the same plant

Answer 33

Self-fertilization

Question 34

part of chromosome breaks and attaches to another

Answer 34

translocation

Question 35

a cell with full set of chromosomes represented by "2n"

Answer 35

diploid