bio unit 5 Flashcards
energy
flows in one direction, from sun to producers and so on. fules life process. can not be recycled.
matter
cycles through biotic and abiotic factors. can be recycled and reused. provides the building blocks for grwoth and reproduction. decomposers breka down dead matter recyinling nutrients completing the cycle.
scavengers
comsume leftover food
Detritivores
consume tiny fragements of dead matter, before decomposition.
usabel energy in each trophic leval
the number of usable energy reduces by 10% from each trophic level . te eneegy is lost as heat.
producers in the flow of matter
they take in the matter sucha as carbon or nitrogen and make it a part of their body, when we eat them they become a part of out body.
carbon cycle
1) photosynthesis : absorbs carbon from air and truns it inot sugars
2) respriation : anialsm and plants release back ino the atmosphere as co2 after cellular risperiation
3) decomposition : when plants and animas die the decomposers break it down are return it back ino the soil. can trun inot fossil fuels.
combustion
burnins the fossil fules releases the stored carbon ino the atmosphere.
nitrogen is essential fro
creating proteins and DNA
nitrogen fixation
bactria in soil that convert nitrogen gas from the air into usable froms. like ammonium
nitrification
another bacteria the ammonium into nitrates. which is the only way plants can take in the nitrogen. assimlation occusrs as plants tke in the nitrates and animals then have it from eating the plants. animals poop and pee the nitrogen out.
denitrification
another bacteria in the soil converts the exases nitrates back into oxygen gas releasing it inot to atmosphere.
niche
role of an orgniams within its environemnt.
competion
(-/-) diff population struggle for limited resources , sucha as food water, and shelter. regultes pop size and increases biodiversity the 2 species that are competing can not coexist.
graph : one higher then one lower when put together
predation
(+/-) one hunts while other is prey. keeps ecosystem in balence.
graph : flualxtuating
mutualism
(+/+) both species benfit. creates coexsistence. Creates diif niches.
graph : seprate they r lower than when they are togert.
parasitim
(+/-) grapgh : when seprate they are normal but when put togtehr one is significatly lower.
commensalism
(+/0) fosteres biodiverty and coexsistense. grapgh : when they live together one satys the same as before while the other increases.
algal blooms are created by
increased sedimentation and nutriention benefits in the water
ancestral protist
dependat on water, ex green algae, this is when plants started to colonize land.
bryophytes
nonvasular plants, have to live near water, seedless, short like moss
shoot sytem
provides support, and space for plant to grow flowers and furit
leaves
has tiny pores called stomata gasses enter and exit but water vapor only exits. cells around are called gaurd celles that control the opeaning.
xylem
carries water and harmones throughout the plant.
phloem
carries orgnisc nutritents sucha as sugars and animno acids throughoutplant. and harmones
transpiration pull
pulling of water from soil to the other parters of the plant
vegetative propagantion
same as asexual reproduction, new plants with no pollniation, gentically identical to parnt.
flower
prodices seeds after fertilization
fruit
develops around fertilized overly
seed
fertilized ovule. outside caot is called cotyleon
stamen
- male structure that produces polled.
has a long thin lne called the filament then on tp is the anther which is the location of pollen
carpal or pistil
female produces eggs
n the middle very very think is the style. on top is the sitgma which is sticky to attract pollen. the stye connects to the overy which has ovules
