Hum geo unit 1 Flashcards
5 movements of geography
movement, region, human environment, location, place
Region
An area that has atleast 1 common trait that sets it apart from an area
movemnt
spational interaction
movemnt def
movement of good people and ideas
Accessibility
Accessibility : How easy or difficult to overcome physical space
spatioal interaction is based on
highwyas, trains, and planes, techonology
connectivity
how places are conntected, using techonomolgy, and infrastructure
spatial diffusion
spreading of ideas and items
globlization
interconnection of people and countires world wide, driven by economy, cultures can be a side effect
central noded
central point
formal region/uniform region
must have one common triat that sets it apart from other region
ex, political entities, climate geions, germany - is it won country and political entities
functional region/ nodal region
organized around a central node and serves a purpose
ex. water tower, subway
perceptual region/vernacular region
reflts human belifs and attitudes abt area that are subjective. setreotypes,
ex. the middle east, the south
human enviroment intraction
what we do witht he earth, chaging enviomanet to meet their needs
adapt
We as humans change ourselves to meet the earth
Ex : igloo, making a home out to resources that are there
Clothing, air conditioning, heating
mdify
humans change the earth to meet human needs
Ex, Dams, roads, building
depend
Humans rely on an element of the earth for support
Ex: Water
Environmental Determinism
A people’s culture that is based on physical and geographical features of the Earth.
Ex :’ Comanchies used boffolos and deer skin up to their knees to protect from snakes. Adpated not modified.
Possibilism
Ablity for humasn to adapt to the the environment where only a little bit of the envirment deter is culture.
location
where is it
Absolute location
The coordinate latitude and longitude
ex : Flower Mound is 33 degrees N and 97 degrees W
Relative location
Comparisons to another feature on the earth
Ex: Mexico is South of the U.S
latitude
run left to right, equator
logitude
up and down, prime meridian
site
similar to absolute location but not interchange
The unique physical characteristics of a place
where is this place located to determine. To other locations
situation
similar to relitive location, where it is located in relation , helps to understand the importacne of a location
place
basically adjectives, what is the place like
Containerization
How we currently ship goods
Break of Bulk point
Where we change modes of transportation
Commodities
an item that is sold or traded
commodification
Take an item that was not ment to be sold, and we sell it and traded
local diversity -
As globalization spreads people wish to express their traditions which leads to more local diversity .
distribution
the arrenge ment of features on earths surface
concentraction
culstured or dispersed
l
Thematic map
5 types, tells story through data
Isoline/topographic maps
Use lines of equal value to represent data like Elevation to that. The lines connect the data.
Choropleth
Use color and shading to depict the data being shown
proportional symbol map
a thematic map is which the size of a the symbol varies in proportion to the intensity of the mapped variable
Dot map
every phone a has a dot
One dot equal one phonomenal
cartogram
Using relative size of political units to convey a value
political units change as data increases
culture
is the man made part of the environment
build environment
The man made structures that we put on the earth
Cultural landscpe
when the man made structure ties reflects in with our culture
Cultural trait
a single attribute of a culture such as chopsticks
Cultural region
occupied by people who share cultural traits such as religions, languages, political organizations, etc.
Cultural realm
a large segment of earth with uniformity in cultural ahrecteristics
Acculturation
take on enough traits of the dominant culture to survive economically - usually language usally immigrants
Assimilation
Where you take on the dominant culture - blending
Syncretism
Fusing of immigrant culture with he native culture
Cultural convergence
The sharing of technologies, cultural traits and artifacts among widely separated societies.
5 early cilizations
Mesopotamia -
Nile river valley
Indus River valley
Huang p river valley / also called yellow river valley
Meso America
cultural hearth
centers of innovation and invention the center or cradle of a culture
sequent occupance
refers to the process by which a landscape is gradually transformed by a succession of occupy populations
Distance Decay
Father from the source the weaker the trait becomes. Negative. ( time sapce compression : squish time and space through technology, can get fast responds within mins. Due to technology)
Cultural Barriers
some practices, ideas, innovations are not acceptable which can keep you from adapting particular culture Ex : pork, alcohol,
physical Barriers
physical barriers on the earth’s surface may prohibit
2 types of diffusion
espansion and relocation
expansion
when and idea or trait or innovation spreads from one place to another and increase in the number of people
3 types of expasion diffusion
hiercarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion, stimulus diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
spread of an idea through an established structure usually from :
People of/ with power to people with no power
cellphone - rich-middle- and then everyone else
reverse hierarchical diffusion
instead of spreading from rich to everyone it goes from poor to everyone
contagious diffusion
spread rapidly of an idea/trait/concept through a group of people or an area
ex selfie
stimulus Diffusion
The spread of an underlying principle stays the same but the main idea changes
ex. Mc Donald - spread indian but the menu is not the same cause hindus dont eat beef
Relocation culture
when immigrants come into a country and continue to practice their language and culture but they do not try to spread their culture
Migrant Diffusion
a type of relocation diffusion - Is when innovation or trait, is started in the hearth(origin point) but when the people there travel out, they may spread thier culture in the new place . But the culture could of died out due to the fact thaat many people moved out
intervening obstacles
age, religion, language, access to technology. An obstacle to diffusion.
Intervening opportunities
Ex: when I am at mexico trying to get a job at colorado. But while traveling I found a great job at dallas.
when a better situation comes up rather than the unknown.
Robinson map
Exaggerates
distance and area
near the poles and
area looks smaller
near the equator
robinsion adv and dis
advatages - Better balance of size
and shape of latitude,
used by schools
disadvatages - Hard to see poles
Mercator map
Area larger near
the poles
mercator adv dis
advantages- Shows the direction,
used by mariners
disadvantagees - Greenland is longer
than South America
and looks as big as
Africa
Goode map
(homolosine)
Distorts shape of
water areas
(interrupts)
Goode
(homolosine) dis and adv
advantages - Distortion of land mas
is rather evenly
distributed
disadvantages - Not used often, many
interruptions in map
Peters map
Distorts distance
and shapes are
vertically
elongated
peters dis and adv
advantagges - Areas that are equal
size on the glob are
equal size on the map
disadvatages - Not accurate as it is
more “political”
Azimuthal map
latitude lines
Azimuthal dis adv
advantages - Used by airplane
pilots to plot the best
routes around the
globe
disadvantages - Can’t see the entire
world
Primary economic sector
connected directly with natural resources of any kind. Ex. agriculture, mining, fishing
Secondary economic sector
manufacturing) Processes, transforms and assembles raw materials into useful products.
Tertiary economic sector
(services) Provision of goods and services to people in exchange for payment.
Quaternary economic sector
(research & development) consists of intellectual activities often associated with technological innovation.
spreading info
quinary
leaders the dision makers
Scale of analysis
a scale that determines what is being studied based on the size of the area being examined, what level am i compring data
Scale of inquiry
what area of land is being studied
small scale
zoomed out
large scale
zoomed in
gdp
Gross Domestic Product- the total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in an economy
gnp
Gross National product (GNP): The total value of all final product and services owned by a countries resisdetns. Can be outside the countries border. Value of the product
gni
Gross national income (GNI): This is what our companies and people eran inside and outside of the country.
per capita
per person, shows the overall economic well-being of a country
GDP per capita
ppp
Purchasing Power Party (PPP):
Is what a dollar is worth is in different places that we go - International dollar
Ex $65000 in texas vs $65000 in LA
For and income and salary
formal economy
Taxed and supervised by the government, country with larger formal economy is more developed
informal economy
Not taxed and supervised by government
Ex: Side hustles, drugs, bartender, gambling, construction workers, babysitting, Bartering : villagers, low income countries, trading
income distrubution
High income economy countries caan mask high levels of poverty. Poverty levels affect the overall health of the country, or infrastructure of the country. , even income distrubution can lead to a country having less poverty and greater sense of equlity
gini coeffient
Gender inequality index : Measures the distribution of income within a population. Equality .
gii
gender inequality index
HDI
human developement index - to measue the level of developmet in countires
standard of living
refers to the level of welth, comfort, material, goods, and necessities available to a certain class
