Unit 1 bio Flashcards
the 8 charccterostocs of life
be able to reporduce, maintain homeostais, grow and develop, be able to evolve, react to stumli, have genetic code, requre food and energy, made up of cells
what are the levels of organization
atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell,tissue,organ, organ system, organism, pouplation, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Eukaryotic cells
are in both plant and animal cells. Has membrane bound organells, nucleus and is more complex. Have linear DNA
prokaryotic cell
only in bacteria. Has no nucleus, or membrane bound organes, simple. Has circular DNA
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have
cell membrane also known as plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and Riobosomes, and cell wall
what are the biomolecuels
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and nucleic acids
what are biomolecules also known as
polymers
carbohydrates
- end in ose
- found in sugars bread, pasta, fruit
- has the elements CHO
carbs function and monomer
- used for short term energy
- used for sucturl support
- the monomer is sugar, monosccharide, and glucose
carbs found in what organ
mitochondira, chlorplast, and cell wall
proteins
- found in meat, eggs, dairy, nuts
- Has the elements CHON
Proteins function and monomers
- seeps up chemical reaction through enzymes
-trasports molecules in and out of cells - Builds and repairs framework of cells
- Helps with cell communcation
- Defends againts pathogens as anitbodies
- the monomer is amono acids
proteins what organ
- made by the ribosomes
- does transportaion through cell membrane
Nucleic Acids
- found in no other foods cell must make it
- Has CHONP
Nucleic Acids function and mmonomers
- DNA : stores gentic info
- RNA : driectly codes for DNA
ATP: cellular energy carrier - monomer is nucleotide
nucleic acids found where
- nucleus
- ATP found everywhere in the cell and also mitochondria
lipids
- found in foods such as oils, wax, and fats
- Has CHO
lipds function and monomers
- makes up cell membrane
- stores long term energy
- monomer is fatty acid and 1 glycercol
lipds found where
cell membrane
catabolic/ Hydrolysis reaction
breaks down large molecules
Anabolic/synthesis reaction
Building new compounds
enezyms
are catalysts meaning that they speed up chemical reactions . They speed of chemical reaction my lowerd the activation energy. They do not get used up in reaction and are very spcific to each cell.
substrate
thing that binds with enzyme
enzyme- substrate complex
when the substrate temporaily fits inot the enzyme
prosuct
the end result of the reaction
active site
the area where the substrate fits
lock and key model
the substrate fits perfectly into the active site
induced fit model
when substrate bids with enzyme and makes subtle changes to active site. the change is the induced fit.
enzymes can be affected by
temperature, PH, and concentration
denatured
when the enzyme loose the shape of the active site
temperature and enzyems
- low temps cause low colossions wich create reactions
- High temps will increase collions but too high will amke enzyme denatured.
pH and enzymes
they wokr best in naturl ph naturl is 7
competive inhibiton
the CI is in the active site not allowing the substrate to lock so the change does not occur
non-competitive inhibition
when a molecue binds with an enzyme some place else other than the active site however this changes the shape of the active site so the change does not occur.
virus
- are not living because
- reproduce only wiht host, no growth and development, does not metabolize, and des not have a response to environment.
endosymbiotic theroy
1) the pro cell enguls the plsma membraen to create the ER
2) edosymbiosis coccues where the aerobic bactera changes to mitocondria ] is the EC animl cell
3) then take sits potosynthetic bacteria for choloplasts creating the plant EC
nucleus
- has info for cell function
- Has DNA and how to build proteins
endoplasmic reticulm
- passages that transport materials
- ## assembels proteins and lipids
golgi bodies
- ## packs materials to be sent and recieved
chloroplasts
organells that capture solr energy
- use sunlight to mke glucose makes ATP
Mitochondria
- converts sugars and releases energy ATP
maintians homeostasis
vacule
sotes food water and nutirents
lysomes
has enzymes that break down food and wates materials
cell membrane
- protects cell and allows nutres to come through , regulates transportation
cell wall
provides shape for plant cells
ribosomes
site of protien synthesis
what is the differnece between pouplation and community
pouplation is a group of animals that are the same species. But community is a groups of many differnt species and living things.
what do most enzymes end in
they end in -ase
biomolecules come from which orginic compound
carbon
what are carbs the primarly source of
energy
what are phosoplipids made out of
lipids
