Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards
what is type 1 diabetes also known as
Insulin-dependent diabetes
describe the dysfunction of type 1 diabetes
- Not enough insulin is produced therefore resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood.
- Occurs because a fault in the patient’s immune system causes the destruction of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.
- Beta cells produce insulin, therefore a person with type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin.
what form of a condition is type 1 diabetes
chronic condition
what form of condition does type 1 diabetes come under
diabetes Mellitus
list 5 symptoms of type 1 diabetes
- feeling very hungry
- losing weight without trying
- feeling tired or weak
- having blurry vision
- urinating a lot
list 5 forms of treatment against type 1 diabetes
- Regular injections of insulin
- Programmable pump
- pancreas transplant
- physical activity
- healthy diet
describe regular injections of insulin as a treatment
- These injections do not cure type 1 diabetes
- These injections fulfil a role to ensure the body is able to function.
- The patient must have regular injections to maintain a stable level of glucose.
describe the programmable pump as a treatment
- Is a device worn on the outside of your body that connects a fine tube that is within the abdomen
- Delivers a constant small dose of insulin with a larger dose before meals or whenever the blood glucose level needs correcting.
describe a healthy diet as a treatment
- Centred diet around fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Eat fewer animal products and refined carbohydrates, such as white bread and sweets.
- Such a controlled diet can allow enough insulin to be produced.
what makes insulin injections user friendly
- Require less education than insulin pumps, as pumps require professional training and management.
- Injection therapy is cheaper than pump therapy.
- More suitable for the elderly and visually impaired, as they have large fonts for the numbers and click to assist those visually impaired when selecting the dosage.
what makes a pancreas transplant user friendly
- Able to maintain a normal blood glucose level without taking insulin.
- The diabetes related side effects are prevented or delayed.
what makes the insulin pump user friendly
- An insulin pump allows greater flexibility with mealtimes and lifestyle.
- The pump can give you the right amount of insulin at the times you need it.
- There’s less risk of low and high blood glucose.
- You need fewer insulin injections.
what are the risk factors of insulin injections
- Frequent injections may develop resistant areas where areas of the body do not absorb the insulin properly.
- Low blood glucose levels can occur due to the use of different types of insulin that is injected
what are the risk factors of insulin pumps
- Greater risk of developing diabetes ketoacidosis
- Constant reminder that you and others that you have diabetes.
- The pump supplies are expensive.
what are the risk factors of a pancreas transplant
- The immune system attacks the new pancreas as foreign, causing the pancreas to shut down.
- Must take a lifetime of immune-suppressant drugs to prevent organ rejection
- immune suppressant drugs have side effects such as a high risk of infection and organ injury.
what are 5 general risks that come with treatments
- Ketoacidosis
- Eye disease
- Nerve damage
- Kidney disease
- Heart disease and stroke
how ketoacidosis a risk factor
- Is caused due to insufficient amounts of insulin in the body, as the body begins to burn fats as a substitute.
how is eye disease a risk factor
- As the walls of the retina weaken due to the high glucose blood levels
how is nerve damage a risk factor
- Reduced circulation to the nerves to cause minor injury into permanent injuries and can affect sensations of the body.
how is kidney disease a risk factor
- The kidneys will begin to deteriorate
how are heart disease and stroke a risk factor
- Due to coronary heart disease from fatty deposits in the arteries and hypertension.
describe the ethical concerns in terms of insulin injections and pumps
- Religious issues on how insulin was derived from pork
- Affect the morals of Jewish and Muslim patients as extracting insulin from beef was a problem for those Hindu.
- Issues of animal rights are raised on the mass killing of pigs and cows to retrieve the insulin from their pancreas.
- Animal rights problems arise due to genetic engineering issues
- Include altering animal DNA to produce human insulin, which puts the animal’s life at risk.
describe the ethical concerns in terms of a pancreas transplant
- Most societies do not allow the transplantation of organs from primates but allow the use of organs from domestically produced animals such as pigs and cows.
- This issue then raises how primates have a greater right to live than domestic animals.
- Those who believe in Jehovah’s Witness are not able to have a blood transfusion if blood is needed during surgery as it is against their faith.
- Patients must be fully informed on knowing the procedures and objectives of the surgery
- Patients must give their consent by signing a liability form.
- Muslims could not have a pancreas transplant from a pig as it is against their faith.
