Type 1 Diabetes

Question 1

what is type 1 diabetes also known as

Answer 1

Insulin-dependent diabetes

Question 2

describe the dysfunction of type 1 diabetes

Answer 2

• Not enough insulin is produced therefore resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood.
• Occurs because a fault in the patient’s immune system causes the destruction of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.
• Beta cells produce insulin, therefore a person with type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin.

Question 3

what form of a condition is type 1 diabetes

Answer 3

chronic condition

Question 4

what form of condition does type 1 diabetes come under

Answer 4

diabetes Mellitus

Question 5

list 5 symptoms of type 1 diabetes

Answer 5

1. feeling very hungry
2. losing weight without trying
3. feeling tired or weak
4. having blurry vision
5. urinating a lot

Question 6

list 5 forms of treatment against type 1 diabetes

Answer 6

1. Regular injections of insulin
2. Programmable pump
3. pancreas transplant
4. physical activity
5. healthy diet

Question 7

describe regular injections of insulin as a treatment

Answer 7

• These injections do not cure type 1 diabetes
• These injections fulfil a role to ensure the body is able to function.
• The patient must have regular injections to maintain a stable level of glucose.

Question 8

describe the programmable pump as a treatment

Answer 8

• Is a device worn on the outside of your body that connects a fine tube that is within the abdomen
• Delivers a constant small dose of insulin with a larger dose before meals or whenever the blood glucose level needs correcting.

Question 9

describe a healthy diet as a treatment

Answer 9

• Centred diet around fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Eat fewer animal products and refined carbohydrates, such as white bread and sweets.
• Such a controlled diet can allow enough insulin to be produced.

Question 10

what makes insulin injections user friendly

Answer 10

• Require less education than insulin pumps, as pumps require professional training and management.
• Injection therapy is cheaper than pump therapy.
• More suitable for the elderly and visually impaired, as they have large fonts for the numbers and click to assist those visually impaired when selecting the dosage.

Question 11

what makes a pancreas transplant user friendly

Answer 11

• Able to maintain a normal blood glucose level without taking insulin.
• The diabetes related side effects are prevented or delayed.

Question 12

what makes the insulin pump user friendly

Answer 12

• An insulin pump allows greater flexibility with mealtimes and lifestyle.
• The pump can give you the right amount of insulin at the times you need it.
• There’s less risk of low and high blood glucose.
• You need fewer insulin injections.

Question 13

what are the risk factors of insulin injections

Answer 13

• Frequent injections may develop resistant areas where areas of the body do not absorb the insulin properly.
• Low blood glucose levels can occur due to the use of different types of insulin that is injected

Question 14

what are the risk factors of insulin pumps

Answer 14

• Greater risk of developing diabetes ketoacidosis
• Constant reminder that you and others that you have diabetes.
• The pump supplies are expensive.

Question 15

what are the risk factors of a pancreas transplant

Answer 15

• The immune system attacks the new pancreas as foreign, causing the pancreas to shut down.
• Must take a lifetime of immune-suppressant drugs to prevent organ rejection
• immune suppressant drugs have side effects such as a high risk of infection and organ injury.

Question 16

what are 5 general risks that come with treatments

Answer 16

1. Ketoacidosis
2. Eye disease
3. Nerve damage
4. Kidney disease
5. Heart disease and stroke

Question 17

how ketoacidosis a risk factor

Answer 17

• Is caused due to insufficient amounts of insulin in the body, as the body begins to burn fats as a substitute.

Question 18

how is eye disease a risk factor

Answer 18

• As the walls of the retina weaken due to the high glucose blood levels

Question 19

how is nerve damage a risk factor

Answer 19

• Reduced circulation to the nerves to cause minor injury into permanent injuries and can affect sensations of the body.

Question 20

how is kidney disease a risk factor

Answer 20

• The kidneys will begin to deteriorate

Question 21

how are heart disease and stroke a risk factor

Answer 21

• Due to coronary heart disease from fatty deposits in the arteries and hypertension.

Question 22

describe the ethical concerns in terms of insulin injections and pumps

Answer 22

• Religious issues on how insulin was derived from pork
• Affect the morals of Jewish and Muslim patients as extracting insulin from beef was a problem for those Hindu.
• Issues of animal rights are raised on the mass killing of pigs and cows to retrieve the insulin from their pancreas.
• Animal rights problems arise due to genetic engineering issues
• Include altering animal DNA to produce human insulin, which puts the animal’s life at risk.

Question 23

describe the ethical concerns in terms of a pancreas transplant

Answer 23

• Most societies do not allow the transplantation of organs from primates but allow the use of organs from domestically produced animals such as pigs and cows.
• This issue then raises how primates have a greater right to live than domestic animals.
• Those who believe in Jehovah’s Witness are not able to have a blood transfusion if blood is needed during surgery as it is against their faith.
• Patients must be fully informed on knowing the procedures and objectives of the surgery
• Patients must give their consent by signing a liability form.
• Muslims could not have a pancreas transplant from a pig as it is against their faith.