Herd Immunity and the effectiveness of restrictions

Question 1

Why are masks so important for something like COVID-19?

Answer 1

• Can reduce the spread of infection by droplets and through airborne transmission.
• Masks can prevent infected individuals from spreading the virus, therefore, protecting uninfected individuals from inhaling the COVID-19 virus.
• Masks will benefit individuals where social distancing is not possible. This reduces the chance of inhaling the virus.
• Masks are important in indoor areas where there is poor ventilation. It can reduce the risk of transmission.
• Important for protecting the elderly population and those who are at a higher risk of severe illness if contracting COVID-19.

Question 2

Why are isolation periods so important for something like COVID-19?

Answer 2

• Can help prevent infected individuals from spreading the virus to others during the contagious period.
• Can reduce the spread of pathogens via direct physical contact.
• Reduces the number of cases and prevents outbreaks.

Question 3

Why are vaccinations so important for something like COVID-19?

Answer 3

• Can promote herd immunity which is important for protecting vulnerable populations and reducing the number of cases.
• Prevent individuals from becoming infected with the virus, hospitalised or dying.
• Reduce the severity of infection.
• Reduce the spread of the virus within communities and prevent future outbreaks.
• Stimulate antibodies against the virus to produce long-term protection.

Question 4

What is herd immunity?

Answer 4

• Is a type of ‘group’ immunity that occurs when such a high proportion of people in a population are immunised that those who are not immune are protected, therefore protecting the whole population.
• Herd immunity results in a lower chance of disease being transmitted between individuals.