Twin Pregnancies Flashcards
What are the 2 natural causes of twin pregnancies?
More than 1 egg released during 1 menstrual cycle
The zygote divides after fertilisation
What is an artificial reason for twin pregnancies?
More than 1 embryo transferred into the uterus in IVF treatment
What are the 2 main types of twins?
Monozygotic twins
Dizygotic twins
How are monozygotic twins formed?
One egg
One sperm
How are dizygotic twins formed?
Fertilisation of 2 different eggs and 2 different sperm
Are monozygotic identical or non-identical?
Identical
Are dizygotic twins identical or non-identical?
Non-identical
What does monochorionic mean?
Only one outer membrane surrounds the babies
What does dichorionic mean
Two separate outer membranes surround the babies
What is monoamniotic?
Only one amniotic sac, so babies share the amniotic sac
What is monoamniotic?
Only one amniotic sac, so babies share the amniotic sac
What is diamniotic?
Two amniotic sacs, babies have separate amniotic sacs
What does dichorionic diamniotic mean?
Two different sacs
What is monochorionic diamniotic?
Same outer sac, 2 inner sacs
What is monochorionic monoamniotic?
They share the same sacs
What form of imaging is used to determine different types of twins?
Ultrasound scan
What are the 2 signs used to determine the different types of twins?
Lambda sign
T sign
What type of twins does the lambda sign indicate?
Dichorionic diamniotic twins
What type of twins does the T sign indicate?
Monochorionic diamniotic twins
What are antenatal complications of twin pregnancies?
Polyhydramnios
Pregnancy induced hypertension
Anaemia
Antepartum haemorrhage
What are fetal complications of twin pregnancies?
IUGR
Prematurity
Light-for date babies
Malformation
What are the main problems with monochorionic twins?
Twin to twin transfusion syndrome
Twin anaemia polycythaemia sequence
Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP)
What are possible labour complications of twin pregnancies?
Postpartum haemorrhage
Malpresentation
Cord prolapse, Entanglement
What are predisposing factors for twin pregnancies?
Previous twins
Family history
Increasing maternal age
Race: Afro-Carribean
What is the main aim of delivery for DCDA?
37 weeks
Vaginal delivery
What is the aim of delivery for MCDA
36 weeks
Vaginal delivery
When would you offer a caesarean section to someone with twins?
If the babies wasn’t in the cephalic position
What is the aim of delivery for triplets?
35 weeks
caesarean section
