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Reproduction > Molar Pregnancy > Flashcards

Molar Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a molar pregnancy?

A

From conception there is an imbalance in the number of chromosomes from the mother and father.

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2
Q

What is a molar pregnancy also known as?

A

Hydatidiform mole

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3
Q

What is the main risk factor of a molar pregnancy?

A

Those at either end s of the age of fertility

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4
Q

What age groups are most at risk of a molar pregnancy?

A

Under 16

Over 45

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of mole?

A

Complete mole

Partial Mole

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6
Q

What is a complete mole formed from?

A

1 Sperm and an empty egg

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7
Q

Is there any genetic material in a complete mole?

A

No

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8
Q

What does the sperm replicate to give in a complete mole?

A

It replicates to give a normal number of chromosomes

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9
Q

What are all the chromosomes in a complete mole?

A

Chromosomes of paternal origin

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10
Q

Is there any foetal tissue present with a complete mole/

A

No

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11
Q

What is a complete mole composed of?

A

A proliferation of swollen chorionic villi

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12
Q

What is a partial mole?

A

2 sperms and a normal egg

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13
Q

What genetic material is present?

A

Both paternal and maternal

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14
Q

What is there evidence of in a partial mole?

A

Foetal parts

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15
Q

How does a molar pregnancy present?

A

Vaginal bleeding
Nausea
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Thyrotoxicosis

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16
Q

How is the uterus affected in a molar pregnancy?

A

Uterus is larger than expected for gestational age

17
Q

Why is the uterus so large in a molar pregnancy?

A

Due to excessive growth of trophoblasts and retained blood

18
Q

What investigations would you carry out for a molar pregnancy?

A

B-hCG

Transvaginal ultrasound

19
Q

How would the levels of B-hCG suggest a molar pregnancy?

A

They levels would be higher than in a normal pregnancy

20
Q

What would a transvaginal ultrasound show in a a complete molar pregnancy?

A

A ‘snowstorm’ appearance
Low resistance of blood vessel flow
Absence of a foetus

21
Q

What would be the first step in the management of a molar pregnancy?

A

Urgent referral to a specialist centre for treatment to reduce complications

22
Q

How is a molar pregnancy managed?

A

Suction curettage to remove them from the uterus

23
Q

How can a molar pregnancy be managed in fertility doesn’t need to be preserved?

A

Hysterectomy

24
Q

What are possible complications of a molar pregnancy?

A

Choriocarcinoma

Invasion from developing

25
Q

What surveillance is recommended in a molar pregnancy?

A

Two weekly serum and urine hCG until levels are normal

26
Q

With a partial mole, when is hCG done?

A

4 weeks later

27
Q

In a complete mole, how often is hCG done?

A

Repeat samples for at least 6 months

Reproduction (88 decks)

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