Cervical Cancer Flashcards
Who does cervical cancer usually affect?
Those who are 25-29
What is cervical cancer strongly associated with?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
What are the 2 types of cervical cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
What is the main type of cervical cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are the main causative strains of HPV?
HPV 16 and 18
What are other risk factors of cervical cancer?
Smoking
Multiple sexual partners
Immunosuppression
How is cervical cancer usually detected?
Routine cervical screening test
What are the main symptoms of cervical cancer?
Vaginal discharge
Abnormal vaginal bleeding: postcoital, intermenstrual or postmenopausal bleeding
What are other possible symptoms of cervical cancer?
- Vaginal discomfort
- Urinary or bowel habit change
- Suprapubic pain
What might you see on the cervix in someone with cervical cancer?
Abnormal red/white patches
What might be felt on examination of someone with cervical cancer?
Pelvic bulkiness on PV examination
Mass felt on PR examination
What is the first line investigation for cervical cancer?
Colposcopy
What does a colposcopy allow?
Visualisation and biopsy of the cervix
What is used for staging in cervical cancer?
CT of chest/ abdomen/ pelvis
What lymph nodes can cervical cancer metastasise to?
Pelvic lymph nodes
Where does cervical cancer blood spread to?
Liver
Lungs
Bone
What is 1A confined to?
The cervix
What size is 1A?
Less than 7mm
What is 1B confined to?
Confined to the cervix
What size is 1B?
More than 7mm
What is 2 staging?
Tumour extends beyond the cervix to upper 2/3 of vagina
What is the 3rd staging of cervical cancer?
Extension of tumour beyond the cervix and pelvic wall
Lower vagina and pelvis
What is 4 staging?
Extension of tumour beyond the pelvis- Bladder or rectum
What is the management of small cervical cancers in stage 1A?
Conisation with free margins to maintain fertility
