Tumour pathology 5 - Adam

Question 1

What can go wrong with HER-2

Answer 1

Pathway easily unregulated
Receptor binds more growth factors
Overexpression of receptor

Question 2

What signal transduction molecule is a proto-oncogene

Answer 2

BRAF

Question 3

What is the common mutation in BRAF malignant melonoma

Answer 3

Subsitution of glutamic acid for valine
Pushes cell cycle forward

Question 4

What can go wrong with retinoblastoma

Answer 4

Mutation causes one rb gene to stop producing protein
Leaves other gene producing protein
If both proteins lost= release of E2F which progresses cycle

Question 5

How can MLH1 go wrong

Answer 5

Mutation causes reduction in protein
Decreased mismatch repair
Divides causing mutations to go crazy

Question 6

How can p53 go wrong

Answer 6

Mutations make it so cell blocks easier to bypass
Causes loss of cell function

Question 7

What is the function c-myc

Answer 7

Transcription factor- binds other genes
Increases proteins to push cell towards division
Increases proteins to stop cell death

Question 8

What happens when c-myc breaks off chromosome

Answer 8

Causes huge production of c-myc
Stops cell death
Promotes cancer
Promotes cell cycle progression

Question 9

What happens if Epstein-Barr virus and c-myc translocation occur at the same time

Answer 9

Epstein-barr Causes proliferation of B cells
+
C-myc being translocated
=
Lead to cancer