Autonomic Physiology 1

Question 1

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 1

Involuntary
Smooth muscle surrounding blood vessels,
Secretions from glands
Focusing of the eye
GI neurones

Question 2

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

Question 3

Describe the myelination in pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic fibres in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

Pre-ganglionic fibre is small myelinate
Post- ganglionic fibre is unmyelinated

Question 4

Describe the receptors in the Somatic versus the ANS?

Answer 4

Somatic uses NMJ aka ionotropic meaning they are ion channels
ANS is metabotropic meaning they are G-protein receptors

Question 5

Where do the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system leave the spine?

Answer 5

Thoracic and the lumbar region.

Question 6

Where do the ganglia lie in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 6

Paravertebral ganglia- in sympathetic trunk
Prevertebral ganglia lie in the collateral ganglia

So trunk = paravertebral, anything else = prevertebral

Question 7

What type of information does the ventral horn carry?

Answer 7

neurons send fibres to the skeletal muscles, causing muscle contraction

Question 8

What type of information does the dorsal horn carry?

Answer 8

Receive sensory information from all around the body

Question 9

White ramus is what kind of ganglionic fibre and why?

Answer 9

Pre - ganglionic, because of the myelination

Question 10

Which receptors do Acetylcholine act on

Answer 10

Cholinergic receptors:
Nicotinic
Muscarinic

Question 11

Which receptors do noradrenaline act on

Answer 11

Adrenergic receptors:
a receptors
B receptors

Question 12

What is the grey matter made up of?

Answer 12

Cell bodies of the axons

Question 13

What is white matter made up of?

Answer 13

Axons linking the different parts of grey matter together

Question 14

Define ganglioin

Answer 14

A structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fibre.

Question 15

How do preganglionic fibres in the SYMPATHETIC and PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system work?

Answer 15

Release acetylcholine- acts on nicotinic receptor

Question 16

How do postganglionic fibres in the sympathetic nervous system work?

Answer 16

Release noradrenaline which acts on alpha and beta receptors

Question 17

How do post-ganglionic fibres in parasympathetic nervous system work

Answer 17

Release ACH to act on Muscarinic receptor

Question 18

What is the adrenal medulla?

Answer 18

The central portion of the adrenal gland, secretes noradrenaline and adrenaline

Question 19

What do sympathetic postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla release into the blood

Answer 19

noradrenaline (80%)
adrenaline (20%)

Question 20

Where do nerves leave the spine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 20

Cranial and sacral regions of the spine

Question 21

Where do the ganglia lie in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 21

Close to the target

Question 22

How are sweat glands innervated?

Answer 22

Sympathetic cholinergic fibres

Question 23

What class of neurotransmitters are NO and peptides?

Answer 23

Nonchollinergic and nonadrenergic receptors

Question 24

parasympathetic vs sympathetic

Answer 24

Parasympathetic is rest and digest
Sympathetic is fight or flight