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semester 1 > Gram Negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Reverse

Neisseria Meningitidis - meningitis and septicaemia

Neisseria ghonorrhoeae - urethritis in men - pelvic inflammatory disease

A

What are the forms of Neisseria spp that are of clinical significance?

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2
Q

Reverse

Aerobic gram negative cocci

A

What type of bacteria are Neisseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis?

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3
Q

Reverse

Can’t be stained with gram stains

Can’t be cultured under standard methods Mycobacterium Spirochaetes Chlamydia

A

What is meant by miscellaneous bacteria

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4
Q

Does salmonella ferment lactose?

A

NO

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5
Q

Reverse

Yes

A

Does E Coli ferment lactose?

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6
Q

Reverse

Klebsiella - UTI and pneumonia

Proteus spp - UTI

A

What other commensals of the gut exist? (apart from E.Coli)

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7
Q

Reverse

NO

A

Does salmonella ferment lactose?

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8
Q

What type of organisms is pseudomonas?

A

Strict aerobic bacilli water and soil organisms

Contaminates medical equipment

Hospital acquired cause of sepsis: pneumonia, UTI Respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis

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9
Q

What causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

Reverse

Large (coliforms)

Small

A

What are the sub divisions of gram negative aerobic bacilli?

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11
Q

What is the test for syphilis?

A

Serology, nucleic amplification tests

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12
Q

What type of organism is E.Coli?

A

Coliform - large gram negative aerobic bacilli

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13
Q

Reverse

Treponem pallidum - syphilis

Borrelia burgdorferi - lymes disease

A

Give an example of a spirochaetes

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14
Q

Reverse

Bacteriodes Fragilis - normal colonic flora

Causes intra-abdominal abscess

A

What are the important anaerobes? (BACILLI)

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15
Q

Reverse

Primary - Non-painful skin legions

Secondary - Systemic illness and rash

Latent - symptomatic episodes may occur

Tertiary - central nervous system Congenital - stillbirth, neonatal death or disease

A

What are the stages of syphilis?

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16
Q

Reverse

Prevotella - cause of dental abscess (pus that forms in the teeth and gums), aspiration pneumonia, human and animal bite infections.

A

Name an oral anaerobe

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17
Q

What are the strains of chlamydia that cause respiratory infection?

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila psittaci - contact with birds

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18
Q

Reverse

Urinary tract infection

Enterotoxogenic E.Coli - commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea

Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli - Bloody diarrhoea Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

A

What is the infection usually associated with Ecoli?

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19
Q

Reverse

Gut pathogen Coliform

A

What type of organism is salmonella?

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20
Q

Name a microaerophilic spiral bacilli

A

Helicobacter pylori - natural habitat is human stomach - damages mucosa and causes ulcers

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21
Q

Reverse

Mycobacterium leprae

A

What causes leprosy?

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22
Q

What causes leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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23
Q

What is the ZN stain used for?

A

Mycobacterium species

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24
Q

What family do Coliforms belong in?

A

Enterobacteriaceae Inhabitants of the gut

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25
Q

What strain of chlamydia is responsible for the Ophthalmic and genital tract infection?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis - trachoma (tropical eye infections) Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility

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26
Q

What does salmonella cause?

A

Enterocollitis, with or without bloody diarrhoea

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27
Q

What does typhoid cause?

A

Fever and constipation

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28
Q

Reverse

Serology, nucleic amplification tests

A

What is the test for syphilis?

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29
Q

What are the sub divisions of gram negative aerobic bacilli?

A

Large (coliforms)

Small

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30
Q

Reverse

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

What causes tuberculosis?

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31
Q

What type of organism is salmonella?

A

Gut pathogen Coliform

32
Q

Reverse

Coliform - large gram negative aerobic bacilli

A

What type of organism is E.Coli?

33
Q

Reverse

Obligate intracellular bacteria

A

What type of bacteria is chlamydia?

34
Q

What type of bacteria is chlamydia?

A

Obligate intracellular bacteria

35
Q

Reverse

  1. Skin rash
  2. Systemic illness - cardiac or neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms
  3. Chronic disease - skin, nervous system or joint abnormalities
A

What are the stages of lymes disease?

36
Q

Reverse

Present from birth

A

Define congenital

37
Q

Reverse

Enterocollitis, with or without bloody diarrhoea

A

What does salmonella cause?

38
Q

Give an example of a spirochaetes

A

Treponema pallidum - syphilis

Borrelia burgdorferi - lymes disease

39
Q

What does Moraxella Catarrhalis cause?

A

Respiratory tract infections

40
Q

Reverse

Helicobacter pylori - natural habitat is human stomach - damages mucosa and causes ulcers

A

Name a microaerophilic spiral bacilli

41
Q

What are the virulence mechanisms of Escherichia coli?

A

pili, capsule, endotoxin and exotoxins produced

42
Q

Reverse

Lactose fermentation

A

What is the test for gram negative bacilli?

43
Q

What does microaerophilic mean?

A

Requires little free oxygen

44
Q

Reverse

Strict aerobic bacilli water and soil organisms

Contaminates medical equipment

Hospital acquired cause of sepsis: pneumonia, UTI Respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis

A

What type of organisms is pseudomonas?

45
Q

Reverse

Fever and constipation

A

What does typhoid cause?

46
Q

What are the important anaerobes? (BACILLI)

A

Bacteriodes Fragilis - normal colonic flora

Causes intra-abdominal abscess

47
Q

Define congenital

A

Present from birth

48
Q

What are the gram negative bacilli other than coliforms?

A

Bordetella pertusis - whooping cough

Haemophilus infuenzae - cocco bacilli (mixed appearance) respiratory tract infection - capsulate form formerly an important cause of meningitis

49
Q

What is meant by miscellaneous bacteria

A

Can’t be stained with gram stains

Can’t be cultured under standard methods Mycobacterium Spirochaetes Chlamydia

50
Q

Reverse

Respiratory tract infections

A

What does Moraxella Catarrhalis cause?

51
Q

Reverse

Salmonella typhi

A

What is the cause of typhoid fever?

52
Q

What is the test for gram negative bacilli?

A

Lactose fermentation

53
Q

Reverse

Campylobacter - commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK

A

Name a curved microaerophilic gram negative bacilli

54
Q

Name a curved microaerophilic gram negative bacilli

A

Campylobacter - commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK

55
Q

Reverse

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila psittaci - contact with birds

A

What are the strains of chlamydia that cause respiratory infection?

56
Q

How is diagnosis of chlamydia achieved?

A

Nucleic acids amplification tests

57
Q

What are the stages of lymes disease?

A
  1. Skin rash
  2. Systemic illness - cardiac or neurological and musculoskeletal symptoms
  3. Chronic disease - skin, nervous system or joint abnormalities
58
Q

What are the forms of Neisseria spp that are of clinical significance?

A

Neisseria Meningitidis - meningitis and septicaemia

Neisseria ghonorrhoeae - urethritis in men - pelvic inflammatory disease

59
Q

What are the stages of syphilis?

A

Primary - Non-painful skin legions

Secondary - Systemic illness and rash

Latent - symptomatic episodes may occur

Tertiary - central nervous system Congenital - stillbirth, neonatal death or disease

60
Q

What type of bacteria are Neisseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis?

A

Aerobic gram negative cocci

61
Q

Does E Coli ferment lactose?

A

Yes

62
Q

What is used to detect spirochaetes?

A

Dark ground microscopy or immunofluorescence - Often diagnosed by serology

63
Q

Reverse

Mycobacterium species

A

What is the ZN stain used for?

64
Q

What is the cause of typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella typhi

65
Q

What other commensals of the gut exist? (apart from E.Coli)

A

Klebsiella - UTI and pneumonia

Proteus spp - UTI

66
Q

Reverse

Bordetella pertusis - whooping cough

Haemophilus infuenzae - cocco bacilli (mixed appearance) respiratory tract infection - capsulate form formerly an important cause of meningitis

A

What are the gram negative bacilli other than coliforms?

67
Q

Name an oral anaerobe

A

Prevotella - cause of dental abscess (pus that forms in the teeth and gums), aspiration pneumonia, human and animal bite infections.

68
Q

Name another gut pathogen that isn’t salmonella or E.Coli

A

Shigella - diarrhoea, dysentery

69
Q

Reverse

Chlamydia trachomatis - trachoma (tropical eye infections) Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility

A

What strain of chlamydia is responsible for the Ophthalmic and genital tract infection?

70
Q

Reverse

Enterobacteriaceae Inhabitants of the gut

A

What family do Coliforms belong in?

71
Q

What is the infection usually associated with Ecoli?

A

Urinary tract infection

Enterotoxogenic E.Coli - commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea

Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli - Bloody diarrhoea Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

72
Q

Reverse

Dark ground microscopy or immunofluorescence - Often diagnosed by serology

A

What is used to detect spirochaetes?

73
Q

Reverse

pili, capsule, endotoxin and exotoxins produced

A

What are the virulence mechanisms of Escherichia coli?

74
Q

Reverse

Requires little free oxygen

A

What does microaerophilic mean?

75
Q

Reverse

Shigella - diarrhoea, dysentery

A

Name another gut pathogen that isn’t salmonella or E.Coli

76
Q

Reverse

Nucleic acids amplification tests

A

How is diagnosis of chlamydia achieved?

semester 1 (65 decks)

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