Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

semester 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the immune system

A

Body’s ability to resist or eliminate harmful foreign materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a pathogen

A

Any micro-organism that causes harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two sections of the immune system

A

Innate Immunity
Adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of innate response

A
  1. Non - specific
  2. Distinguishes between human cells & pathogens
  3. First to play
  4. No memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of the adaptive response

A
  1. Highly specific
  2. Distinguishes between pathogens via antigens
  3. Slower
  4. Immunological memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cells are involved in the innate and adaptive systems

A

Innate - Phagocytes, Complement, Natural Killer,
Adaptive - B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of phagocytes

A

Neutrophils
Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do Neutrophils do

A

Engulf, destroy pathogens
Contain granules with destructive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to monocytes

A

Convert to macrophages
Break down and process pathogens
Present antigens -> adaptive immunity
Produces specific immune response via antibodies and cytotoxic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the steps of phagocytosis

A
  1. Phagocyte moves to microbe
  2. Microbes attach to phagocyte
  3. Microbe endocytosis= phagosome
  4. Fusion of phagosome+lysosome
  5. Microbe killing via enzymes
  6. Discharge of waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of Eosinophils

A

Combat parasitic infections
Involved in allergy and asthma
Granules contain enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of mast cells

A

IgE Antibody binds to mast cell receptor
Allergen binds to antibody
Mast cell degranulates releasing histamine w
Affects various bodily functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the role of cytokines

A

Secreted by cells
Communicate with cells
Bind to specific receptors on cells
Produces signalling molecules ->biological effects
ACED (Activation, Chemotaxis, Enhancing cytotoxicity, Differentiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between humoral and cellular immunity

A

Humoral immunity - antibody-mediated, B cells
Cellular immunity - cell-mediated, T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the stages of development of lymphocytes

A

Production- Synthesis of T/B lymphocytes
Maturation- aquirement of receptors
Activation - Reactions of lymphocytes with pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A

Places where blood cells produced
Bone marrow (Hematopoiesis)
Thymus (Training of T cells)

Medulla - immature T lymp.
Cortex - mature T lymp.

17
Q

What is the role of the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Development of adaptive immune response to antigens by T/B cells

18
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs

A
  • Lymph node - induce adaptive immune responses to antigens
  • Spleen - Red pulp: blood filter White pulp: initiates imm. response
  • Tonsils
19
Q

What are the phases of immune defense

A

Recognition of danger
Production of specific weapons
Transport of weapons to site

20
Q

SEE SLIDE

A
21
Q

Role of T lymphocytes

What are the two types of T lymphocytes

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) - used for killing
Helper T cells (CD4+) - stimulate B cells to produce immunity

22
Q

What are the characteristics of T helper cells

A

Can’t kill infected cells/pathogens
Only activate and direct immune cells

23
Q

What is the purpose of MHC Class 1

A

Found on all nucleated cells
Presents virally induced peptide to CD8+ T cells
Triggers cytotoxic response

24
Q

What is the purpose of MHC Class II

A

Found on APC’s (Antigen presenting cells)
Presents exogenously induced peptide to CD4+ T cells only

25
Q

Overview of Ag presentation and pathways

A
26
Q

What is the function of B cells

A

Production of Antibodies
Express B cell receptor
On activation, differentiate into plasma cells via T helper cells

27
Q

Where are B cells produced and matured

A

In the bone marrow

28
Q

What are antibodies structure

A

Immune response against antigens
Contains two regions:
Upper region - antigen binding region
Lower region - Fc region

29
Q

What are the different types of Antibodies
(Immunoglobulins)

A

MEGAD

30
Q

What are the functions of antibodies

A

Neutralisation - Prevention of attatchment using IgA
Opsonization - Using macrophages
Activate complement system on surface of target cells

31
Q

What is the role of the complement system

A

Important role in defense mechanism of innate imm,
Direct lysis of target cells via membrane attack complex
Enhance immune response

32
Q

What are the different complement system pathways

A

Classic pathway
Alternative pathway
Lectin pathway

semester 1 (65 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions