Introduction to Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vector

A

Organism which acts as intermediate host for parasite
Transmits parasite to next host

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2
Q

What are the three classes of parasites?

A

Protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites

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3
Q

Describe the structure of protozoa

A

Single celled organisms

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4
Q

What is the mode of protozoa transmission?

A

Intestinal parasites - fecal - oral route

Blood parasites - arthropod vector

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5
Q

What is the species responsible for malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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6
Q

What is the vector for malaria?

A

Anopheles mosquito

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7
Q

What is the life cycle of malaria?

A

Sporozoites injected under skin by mosquito,
Travel through blood & enter liver
Mature in the liver
Re-enter the circulation as merozoites
Invade red blood cells, multiply and lyse cells

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8
Q

What is the diagnosis of amoebic dysentery?

A

Cysts in formed stool - microscopy

Diarrhoea with blood and pus

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9
Q

What type of disease is Amoebic Dysentery responsible for?

A

Intestinal and extra-intestinal infections

Liver abscess in late disease

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10
Q

What are the different types of helminths?

A

Nematodes, Cestodes, Trematodes

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11
Q

What are Nematodes?

A

Round worms

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12
Q

What are Cestodes

A

Tapeworms

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13
Q

What are trematodes

A

Flatworms

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14
Q

What is the diagnosis of nematodes?

A

Press adhesive sellotape against perianal region

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15
Q

Name a type of cestode

A

Tapeworms (taenia saginata/solium)

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16
Q

What are the various methods of transmission a tapeworm?

A

Raw/undercooked meat

17
Q

Where is there a high incidence of Schistosomiasis

A

Near fresh water, snail is important in the life cycle intermediate host

18
Q

What accompanies a helminth infection?

A

Eosinophilia
Elevated IgE

19
Q

How is diagnosis of a parasite infection achieved?

A

Microscopy of parasites cysts and ova

Serology - detection of antibodies

Blood films for malaria

20
Q

Are cultures of parasites possible?

21
Q

Schistosomiasis is what kind of parasite?

A

Flatworm (trematode)

22
Q

Ascarius lumbricoides is what kind of parasite?

A

Round worm (nematode)

23
Q

What kind of parasite infection is leishmaniasis and amoebic dysentry?

24
Q

What are ectoparasites

A

Parasites which live outside the body

25
What can Helminths cause?
Lead to developmental delay in children. Bowel obstruction can arise
26
What can pork tapeworms cause?
Cysts to form outside of the gut and cause problems, especially in brain
27
What can Trematodes cause?
Liver failure and bladder cancer if untreated.