Tumour Pathology

Question 1

What is a neoplasm?

Answer 1

An abnormal growing mass of tissue (Tumour)

Question 2

Describe the growth of tumours

Answer 2

Constant increase in cells

Question 3

What are the types of tumour?

Answer 3

Benign
Malignant - cancer

Question 4

What does metastasise mean?

Answer 4

The ability of a cancer to spread

Question 5

What is the most common type of cancer for men?

Answer 5

Prostate

Question 6

What is the most common type of cancer for women?

Answer 6

Breast

Question 7

What are the common types of cancer for both sexes?

Answer 7

Breast,prostrate, lung, colon, melanoma

Question 8

What are the cancers with the highest survival rate?

Answer 8

Melanoma, breast, uterus

Question 9

What are the cancers with the lowest survival rate?

Answer 9

Lung, ovary

Question 10

What are the aspects we classify tumours on?

Answer 10

Tissue of origin
Benign vs Malignant

Question 11

What are the two types of epithelium that can host cancer?

Answer 11

Glandular and squamous

Question 12

What is the name for a benign and malignant glandular epithelium tumour?

Answer 12

Benign - Adenoma
Malignant - Adeno-Carcinoma

Question 13

What is the name for a benign and malignant squamous epithelium tumour?

Answer 13

Benign - Squamous Papilloma
Malignant - Squamous Carcinoma

Question 14

What are the names given to benign tumours for the connective tissues (Bone, Fat, Fibrous tissue)

Answer 14

Bone - Osteoma
Fat - Lipoma
Fibrous tissue - Fibroma

Question 15

What are the names given to malignant tumours for the connective tissues (Bone, Fat, Fibrous tissue)

Answer 15

Bone - Osteo-sarcoma
Fat - Liposarcoma
Fibrous tissue - Fibro-sarcoma

Question 16

What is the name given to cancer of the white blood cells? There are no know benign tumours for white blood cells?

Answer 16

Leukaemia

Question 17

What is the name given to cancer of the lymphoid tissue? There are no know benign tumours for lymphoid tissue

Answer 17

Lymphoma

Question 18

What are tumours of the Central nervous system called?

Answer 18

Astrocytoma

Question 19

What are tumours of the peripheral nervous system called?

Answer 19

Schwannoma

Question 20

What is the name given to germ cell tumours?

Answer 20

Teratomas

Question 21

Where do Germ cell tumours develop?

Answer 21

Ovary or Testis

Question 22

Are ovarian teratomas benign or malignant usually?

Answer 22

Benign

Question 23

Are testicular teratomas benign or malignant usually?

Answer 23

Malignant

Question 24

What are the features of benign tumours

Answer 24

Non-invasive growth pattern, usually encapsulates, no evidence of invasion, no metastases
Cells look similar to normal, well-differentiated
Function similar to normal tissue (if normal function os similar)
Rarely causes death

Question 25

What are the features of malignant tumours?

Answer 25

Invasive growth pattern
No capsule, breached by tumour cells
Cells look abnormal
Cancers are poorly differentiated
Loss of normal function
Often evidence of spread of cancer
Frequently cause death

Question 26

What is hyperplasia

Answer 26

Increased size of an organ due to increased cell number

Question 27

What is hypertrophy

Answer 27

Increased size of an organ due to increased size of cells

Question 28

What is atrophy

Answer 28

Decreased organ size due to reduction in cell number/size

Question 29

What is metaplasia

Answer 29

Transformation of one cell type to another via differentiation