Tumour Pathology Flashcards
What is a neoplasm?
An abnormal growing mass of tissue (Tumour)
Describe the growth of tumours
Constant increase in cells
What are the types of tumour?
Benign
Malignant - cancer
What does metastasise mean?
The ability of a cancer to spread
What is the most common type of cancer for men?
Prostate
What is the most common type of cancer for women?
Breast
What are the common types of cancer for both sexes?
Breast,prostrate, lung, colon, melanoma
What are the cancers with the highest survival rate?
Melanoma, breast, uterus
What are the cancers with the lowest survival rate?
Lung, ovary
What are the aspects we classify tumours on?
Tissue of origin
Benign vs Malignant
What are the two types of epithelium that can host cancer?
Glandular and squamous
What is the name for a benign and malignant glandular epithelium tumour?
Benign - Adenoma
Malignant - Adeno-Carcinoma
What is the name for a benign and malignant squamous epithelium tumour?
Benign - Squamous Papilloma
Malignant - Squamous Carcinoma
What are the names given to benign tumours for the connective tissues (Bone, Fat, Fibrous tissue)
Bone - Osteoma
Fat - Lipoma
Fibrous tissue - Fibroma
What are the names given to malignant tumours for the connective tissues (Bone, Fat, Fibrous tissue)
Bone - Osteo-sarcoma
Fat - Liposarcoma
Fibrous tissue - Fibro-sarcoma
What is the name given to cancer of the white blood cells? There are no know benign tumours for white blood cells?
Leukaemia
What is the name given to cancer of the lymphoid tissue? There are no know benign tumours for lymphoid tissue
Lymphoma
What are tumours of the Central nervous system called?
Astrocytoma
What are tumours of the peripheral nervous system called?
Schwannoma
What is the name given to germ cell tumours?
Teratomas
Where do Germ cell tumours develop?
Ovary or Testis
Are ovarian teratomas benign or malignant usually?
Benign
Are testicular teratomas benign or malignant usually?
Malignant
What are the features of benign tumours
Non-invasive growth pattern, usually encapsulates, no evidence of invasion, no metastases
Cells look similar to normal, well-differentiated
Function similar to normal tissue (if normal function os similar)
Rarely causes death
What are the features of malignant tumours?
Invasive growth pattern
No capsule, breached by tumour cells
Cells look abnormal
Cancers are poorly differentiated
Loss of normal function
Often evidence of spread of cancer
Frequently cause death
What is hyperplasia
Increased size of an organ due to increased cell number
What is hypertrophy
Increased size of an organ due to increased size of cells
What is atrophy
Decreased organ size due to reduction in cell number/size
What is metaplasia
Transformation of one cell type to another via differentiation
