Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

semester 1 > Drug Delivery > Flashcards

Drug Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

What does a drug formulaton involve

A

Drug delivery system formulated
Allows immediate or delayed onset
Avoid pre/systemic metabolism
Allows selective targeting of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What determines the drug delivery system we use?

A

dose of the drug
frequency of administration
timing of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors do we consider to determine the dose?

A 
Renal function
Hepatic function
Consider age and weight
Consider disease to be treated
Consider drug toxicity
Give a starting dose and increase dose to achieve the desired effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most frequently used dosage route

A

Oral medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What determines the speed of absorption of solutions and suspensions?

A

Gastric emptying - most rapid from the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the benefit of Solutions and Suspensions?

A

Easier for patients with swallowing difficulties

absorbed rapidly

Given via a naso-gastric or PEG tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a suspension?

A

Dispersions of coarse drug particles in a liquid phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are suspensions useful for?

A

Drugs which are insoluble/unpalatable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most commonly used formulation?

A

Tablets and capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the rate limiting step for capsules and tablets?

A

Tablet breakdown (dissolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the advantages of the tablets and capsules?

A

Convenience
Accuracy of dose
Reproducibility
Drug stability
Ease of mass production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the effect of the enteric coated tablets?

A

Delays disintegration of tablet until it reaches small intestine
Protects drug from stomach acid
Protects stomach from drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the benefit of Prolonged or Delayed Release Formulations?

A

Most disorders required prolonged therapy
Maintains drug levels within a therapeutic range
Reduces the need for frequent dosing
Compliance is improved
Improved nursing and doctor compliance

Longer time course of drug in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the advantages of prodrugs?

A

Prolonged duration of action

Avoidance of drug degradation in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a prodrug reliant on?

A

Liver function - metabolism activates the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Buccal and Sublingual Administration ideal for?

A

Ideal method for drugs which have extensive pre-systemic or first pass metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How would you take sub-lingual drugs?

A

Sublingual tablets are small and dissolve slowly under the tongue or in the buccal cavity(behind lips in front of teeth)

18
Q

What is the rectal route useful for?

A

Useful in the young or old
Patients who are unable to swallow
Bypass pre-systemic metabolism

19
Q

What is the vaginal route used for?

A

Local disease

20
Q

What are the advantages of injection based drug delivery?

A

Provide fast systemic effects bypassing first-pass metabolism
Drugs administered in unconscious or comatose patients
Drugs having short half-life can be infused continuously

21
Q

When is intravenous administration used?

A

When:

A rapid onset of action is required
careful control of Plasma levels is required

A drug has a short half-life

22
Q

How may IV formulations be given?

A

Rapidly
Slowly to prevent toxic effects
Continuous infusion to ensure accurate control of blood levels especially when a drug has a narrow therapeutic index

23
Q

Describe what an Intramuscular Injection is?

A

An injection of the drug is given into the muscle mass

24
Q

Describe the type of solution given in intramuscular injection

A

The drug may be insoluble
Formulated in an oil base

25
Q

What is the benefit of intramuscular injection?

A

Allows a more sustained duration of action up to months

26
Q

What are the advantages of subcutaneous injection?

A

Easy to use and bypasses need for venous access

27
Q

How does transdermal drug delivery enter the systemic circulation?

A

The drug crosses skin surface by diffusion by percutaneous absorption

28
Q

What does transdermal drug delivery avoid?

A

Bypasses first-pass hepatic metabolism

29
Q

What is percutaneous drug administration?

A

Creams, Ointments and Skin patches

Drugs can be administered to the skin to achieve a local effect i.e steroids or a systemic effect i.e HRT or nitroglycerin

30
Q

What is the benefit of skin patches?

A

Possible to obtain controlled, sustained blood levels of the administered drug such as nicotine, nitroglycerin, opiates, HRT, contraception

31
Q

When are drugs administered by inhalation?

A

Delivers drugs directly to the lung for local effect
To achieve a systemic effect I.e anaesthetics

32
Q

What are the advantages of inhalation?

A 
Drug delivered directly to site of action
Rapid effect
Small doses used
Little systemic absorption
Reduced adverse effects
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of inhalation?

A

Patient education is essential

34
Q

How do monoclonal antibodies act?

A

Bind to cancer specific antigen and induce an immunological response to cancer cells

35
Q

What can Monoclonal antibodies be used to deliver?

A

Toxin, cytokine or other active drugs

36
Q

What is the purpose of liposomal drug delivery?

A

Altered pharmacokinetics results in reduced toxicity with enhanced efficiency

There is reduced distribution of drug to sensitive tissue

37
Q

What is another method of increasing the precision in targeting of a drug as well as reducing the toxicity?

A

Nanoparticle based drug delivery - makes the drug more effective and reduces the chances of possible side-effects

38
Q

What are nano erythrosomes and what are their applications?

A

Erythrocytes that can carry, proteins, enzymes and macromolecules

Used in the treatment of liver tumour, parasitic disease and enzyme disease

39
Q

What is the vector for the genetic transfer system involving the delivery of therapeutic genes to target cells?

A

Viruses

40
Q

What are antibody drug conjugates

A

Monoclonal antibodies attached to an active drug with a linker

semester 1 (65 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions