Tumour Pathology 3 Flashcards
What are the 2 types of local effects of benign tumours?
Pressure
Obstruction
What are the 6 types of local effects of malignant tumours?
Pressure Obstruction Tissue Destruction Bleeding Pain Effects of Treatments
What are the 2 effects of bleeding?
Anaemia
Haemorrhage
What are the 3 causes of pain?
Pressure on nerves
Perineural infiltration
Bone pain from pathological fractures
What are the 4 types of systemic effect?
Secretion of hormones
Weight loss-cachexia
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Effects of treament
What would constitute normal hormone production by a tumour?
Produced by a tumour of endocrine organ (abnormal control of hormone production)
What would constitute abnormal hormone production by a tumour?
Produced by a tumour from an organ that doesn’t normally produce hormone.
What two abnormal hormones are produced by a lung cancer tumour?
ADH and ACTH
What is a paraneoplastic syndrome?
Clinical syndromes involving non metastatic systemic effects that accompany malignant disease.
What can paraneoplastic syndromes alter?
Immune mechanism
Production of hormone/growth factor
What is dysplasia?
Premalignant change. Earliest change that can be visualised.
Where is dysplasia identified?
Epithelium
What are the 3 features of dysplasia?
Disorganisation of cells
Grading of dysplasia
No invasion
What three things can happen in disorganisation of cells?
Increased nuclear size
Increased mitotic activity
Abnormal mitoses
What are the two grades of dysplasia?
High
Low
