Storing and Using Genetic Information

Question 1

What is a phenotype?

Answer 1

Outward, physical manifestation of organism.

Question 2

What is a genotype?

Answer 2

Full hereditary information of organism.

Question 3

Why do proteins have different functions?

Answer 3

Because of their different structures.

Question 4

What is a DNA chain made of?

Answer 4

Nucleotide monomers

Question 5

What is a nucleotide monomer made of?

Answer 5

Sugar
Base
Phosphate group

Question 6

What is the name of the sugar in DNA?

Answer 6

2’ Deoxyribose

Question 7

What is the name of the sugar in RNA?

Answer 7

Ribose

Question 8

How is the DNA arranged?

Answer 8

Double helix

Question 9

What way does the DNA spiral?

Answer 9

Right

Question 10

What base matches with cytosine?

Answer 10

Guanine

Question 11

What base matches with adenine?

Answer 11

Thymine (Uracil in RNA)

Question 12

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 12

Most of the cell’s genetic material.

Question 13

What is the function of the nucleus in terms of DNA?

Answer 13

Replication and the first steps in decoding protein production.

Question 14

In ft, how much DNA is found in one nucleus?

Answer 14

6ft

Question 15

What is a quarter of a nucleus filled with?

Answer 15

The things needed to make RNA.

Question 16

When is the only time chromosomes are visible?

Answer 16

When the cell is dividing.

Question 17

What is a chromosome?

Answer 17

Single piece of DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences.

Question 18

How many histone proteins are grouped together?

Answer 18

8

Question 19

How many times does DNA coil around a group of histone proteins before moving on to the next one?

Answer 19

Twice

Question 20

What is chromatin the name for?

Answer 20

Mixture of DNA, proteins and RNA that package DNA within the nucleus.

Question 21

What is the name of condensed chromatin?

Answer 21

Heterochromatin

Question 22

What is the name of extended chromatin?

Answer 22

Euchromatic

Question 23

What does DNA have to do for both transcription and replication?

Answer 23

Separate temporarily.

Question 24

What poses barriers to enzymes?

Answer 24

Nucleosomes

Folding of chromatin

Question 25

What two mechanisms allow chromatin to be more accessible?

Answer 25

Histones be enzymatically modified | Histones displaced

Question 26

What makes DNA replication semi-conservative?

Answer 26

One half of each is a new molecule of DNA but one is new.

Question 27

What makes DNA replication bidirectional?

Answer 27

Replicated from the 5' to 3' end however they go in opposite directions.

Question 28

DNA is packed about ______ times more tightly in metaphase than other cell states.

Answer 28

10,000

Question 29

Almost ______% of bases are exactly the same in all people.

Answer 29

99.9

Question 30

Less than ______% of the genome codes for proteins.

Answer 30

2

Question 31

Exons are ______ regions whereas introns are ______ regions.

Answer 31

Coding | Non-coding

Question 32

During transcription what happens to exons and introns?

Answer 32

Exons are spliced together. | Introns are eliminated

Question 33

What does genetic code describe?

Answer 33

How base sequences are converted into amino acids.

Question 34

What is the name for a set of 3 bases?

Answer 34

Codon

Question 35

How many amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 35

20

Question 36

What does a mutated haemoglobin gene cause?

Answer 36

Sickle cell anaemia.

Question 37

What is the main role of RNA?

Answer 37

Participate in protein synthesis.

Question 38

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 38

Messenger Transfer Ribosomal

Question 39

What is mRNA transcribed from?

Answer 39

DNA

Question 40

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 40

Carries information for protein synthesis.

Question 41

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 41

Process by which the exons of RNA are produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways.

Question 42

What determines the reading frame of the RNA sequence.

Answer 42

Initiation codon.

Question 43

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 43

Translates mRNA into amino acid sequence.

Question 44

Where are rRNA molecules produced?

Answer 44

Nucleus

Question 45

What is the function of rRNA?

Answer 45

Combine with proteins in cytoplasm to form ribosomes.