Introduction to Viruses

Question 1

Viruses are small/big and are non-cellular/cellular.

Answer 1

Small, cellular.

Question 2

What is an icosahedral structure?

Answer 2

20 faces, each equilateral triangles.

Question 3

What is a helical structure?

Answer 3

Protein binds around DNA/RNA in a helical fashion.

Question 4

What is a complex structure?

Answer 4

Neither icosahedral or helical.

Question 5

Can viruses live or replicate outside of the cell?

Answer 5

No.

Question 6

Most viruses are/are not host specific and only infect specific host cell types.

Answer 6

Are.

Question 7

What are the 4 ways viruses can be classified?

Answer 7

Virion shape/symmetry
Presence/Absence of envelope
Genome structure
Mode of replication

Question 8

What is the order of virus replication?

Answer 8

Attachment
Uncoating
Replication of genomic nucleic acid
Protein synthesis
Virion assembly
Budding and Release
Maturation

Question 9

Give an example of a blood borne transmitted virus.

Answer 9

HIV
Hep B
Hep C

Question 10

Give an example of a sexually transmitted virus.

Answer 10

HIV

Hep B

Question 11

Give an example of a vertically transmitted virus.

Answer 11

HIV

Hep B

Question 12

Give an example of a faecal-oral transmitted virus.

Answer 12

Hep A
Hep E
Polio

Question 13

Give an example of a droplet transmitted virus.

Answer 13

Influenza

RSV

Question 14

Give an example of a airborne transmitted virus.

Answer 14

Measles

Chickenpox

Question 15

Give an example of a close contact transmitted virus.

Answer 15

Herpes simplex
CMV
EBV

Question 16

Give an example of a vector-borne transmitted virus.

Answer 16

Dengue
Yellow-fever
Chikungunya

Question 17

Give an example of a zoonotic transmitted virus.

Answer 17

Rabies
MERS
Ebola

Question 18

Give an example of a respiratory syndrome.

Answer 18

Influenza
Measles
Chickenpox

Question 19

Give an example of a neurological syndrome.

Answer 19

Enteroviruses
Polio
Rabies
HSV
VZV

Question 20

Give an example of a gastroenteritis syndrome.

Answer 20

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Adenovirus

Question 21

Give an example of a hepatitis syndrome.

Answer 21

Hep ABCDE
CMV
EBV
Yellow Fever

Question 22

Give an example of a skin infection syndrome.

Answer 22

HSV

Enteroviruses

Question 23

Give an example of a eye infection syndrome.

Answer 23

HSV
VZV
Adenovirus

Question 24

Give an example of a congenital abnormalities syndrome.

Answer 24

CMV
Rubella
VZV
Parvovirus

Question 25

Give an example of a arthralgia syndrome.

Answer 25

Dengue Chikungunya Rubella Parvovirus

Question 26

Give an example of a lymphadenopathy syndrome.

Answer 26

HIV CMV EBV

Question 27

Give 2 examples of viruses being cleared.

Answer 27

``` Hep C (no lasting immunity) Measles (long term immunity) ```

Question 28

Give 3 examples of chronic infections.

Answer 28

HIV Hep B Hep C

Question 29

Give an example of transformation infections.

Answer 29

Epstein-Barr Virus | Human Papillomavirus

Question 30

What is viral latency?

Answer 30

The period where viruses lie dormant in the cell.

Question 31

Can reactivation of viral replication occur during viral latency?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

What are 2 examples of latency infections?

Answer 32

Herpes Simplex Virus | Varicella Zoster Virus

Question 33

What is the link between viruses and cancer?

Answer 33

Some viral infections can lead to cancer.

Question 34

In what 3 ways can a viral infection lead to cancer?

Answer 34

Modulation of cell cycle Modulation of apoptosis Reactive oxygen species mediated damage.

Question 35

What are 3 examples of viruses and cancer?

Answer 35

Human T-Cell lymphotropic virus Hep B Hep C

Question 36

In what 2 ways can whole organisms be detected?

Answer 36

Microscopy | Culture

Question 37

In what 4 ways can parts of organisms be detected?

Answer 37

Antigen detection DNA/RNA detection Extraction of genetic material from sample. Amplification of region of target organism genome.

Question 38

What can detection of immune response be used for?

Answer 38

Determining acute/recent infection or prior/response to vaccination.

Question 39

All antiviral agents are virustatic/virucidal.

Answer 39

Virustatic.

Question 40

What is the disadvantage of antiviral therapies?

Answer 40

Toxic to the host cell.

Question 41

What 4 situations would antiviral therapies be used?

Answer 41

Prophyaxis Preemptive therapy Overt disease Suppressive therapy

Question 42

Give 5 ways to prevent viral infection.

Answer 42

``` Immunisation Prophylactic Treatment post exposure Infection prevention and control Blood/tissue/organ screening Antenatal screening ```

Question 43

Give 3 examples of viruses which can be eradicated.

Answer 43

Smallpox Measles Polio