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Principles of Disease > Introduction to Viruses > Flashcards

Introduction to Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses are small/big and are non-cellular/cellular.

A

Small, cellular.

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2
Q

What is an icosahedral structure?

A

20 faces, each equilateral triangles.

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3
Q

What is a helical structure?

A

Protein binds around DNA/RNA in a helical fashion.

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4
Q

What is a complex structure?

A

Neither icosahedral or helical.

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5
Q

Can viruses live or replicate outside of the cell?

A

No.

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6
Q

Most viruses are/are not host specific and only infect specific host cell types.

A

Are.

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7
Q

What are the 4 ways viruses can be classified?

A

Virion shape/symmetry
Presence/Absence of envelope
Genome structure
Mode of replication

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8
Q

What is the order of virus replication?

A 
Attachment
Uncoating
Replication of genomic nucleic acid
Protein synthesis
Virion assembly
Budding and Release
Maturation
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9
Q

Give an example of a blood borne transmitted virus.

A

HIV
Hep B
Hep C

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10
Q

Give an example of a sexually transmitted virus.

A

HIV

Hep B

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11
Q

Give an example of a vertically transmitted virus.

A

HIV

Hep B

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12
Q

Give an example of a faecal-oral transmitted virus.

A

Hep A
Hep E
Polio

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13
Q

Give an example of a droplet transmitted virus.

A

Influenza

RSV

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14
Q

Give an example of a airborne transmitted virus.

A

Measles

Chickenpox

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15
Q

Give an example of a close contact transmitted virus.

A

Herpes simplex
CMV
EBV

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16
Q

Give an example of a vector-borne transmitted virus.

A

Dengue
Yellow-fever
Chikungunya

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17
Q

Give an example of a zoonotic transmitted virus.

A

Rabies
MERS
Ebola

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18
Q

Give an example of a respiratory syndrome.

A

Influenza
Measles
Chickenpox

19
Q

Give an example of a neurological syndrome.

A 
Enteroviruses
Polio
Rabies
HSV
VZV
20
Q

Give an example of a gastroenteritis syndrome.

A

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Adenovirus

21
Q

Give an example of a hepatitis syndrome.

A

Hep ABCDE
CMV
EBV
Yellow Fever

22
Q

Give an example of a skin infection syndrome.

A

HSV

Enteroviruses

23
Q

Give an example of a eye infection syndrome.

A

HSV
VZV
Adenovirus

24
Q

Give an example of a congenital abnormalities syndrome.

A

CMV
Rubella
VZV
Parvovirus

25
Q

Give an example of a arthralgia syndrome.

A

Dengue
Chikungunya
Rubella
Parvovirus

26
Q

Give an example of a lymphadenopathy syndrome.

27
Q

Give 2 examples of viruses being cleared.

A 
Hep C (no lasting immunity)
Measles (long term immunity)
28
Q

Give 3 examples of chronic infections.

A

HIV
Hep B
Hep C

29
Q

Give an example of transformation infections.

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

Human Papillomavirus

30
Q

What is viral latency?

A

The period where viruses lie dormant in the cell.

31
Q

Can reactivation of viral replication occur during viral latency?

32
Q

What are 2 examples of latency infections?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

Varicella Zoster Virus

33
Q

What is the link between viruses and cancer?

A

Some viral infections can lead to cancer.

34
Q

In what 3 ways can a viral infection lead to cancer?

A

Modulation of cell cycle
Modulation of apoptosis
Reactive oxygen species mediated damage.

35
Q

What are 3 examples of viruses and cancer?

A

Human T-Cell lymphotropic virus
Hep B
Hep C

36
Q

In what 2 ways can whole organisms be detected?

A

Microscopy

Culture

37
Q

In what 4 ways can parts of organisms be detected?

A

Antigen detection
DNA/RNA detection
Extraction of genetic material from sample.
Amplification of region of target organism genome.

38
Q

What can detection of immune response be used for?

A

Determining acute/recent infection or prior/response to vaccination.

39
Q

All antiviral agents are virustatic/virucidal.

A

Virustatic.

40
Q

What is the disadvantage of antiviral therapies?

A

Toxic to the host cell.

41
Q

What 4 situations would antiviral therapies be used?

A

Prophyaxis
Preemptive therapy
Overt disease
Suppressive therapy

42
Q

Give 5 ways to prevent viral infection.

A 
Immunisation
Prophylactic Treatment post exposure
Infection prevention and control
Blood/tissue/organ screening
Antenatal screening
43
Q

Give 3 examples of viruses which can be eradicated.

A

Smallpox
Measles
Polio

Principles of Disease (42 decks)

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