Drug Delivery System

Question 1

What are the 4 types of drug delivery?

Answer 1

Oral
Injection
Transdermal
Carrier based

Question 2

What are the different forms and formulations of drugs?

Answer 2

Tablets
Solutions/suspensions
Ointments/creams
Inhalation
Injections
Suppositories
Pessaries
Novel Mechanisms

Question 3

What can a drug delivery system be formulated to allow?

Answer 3

Selective targeting of a tissue site or avoid pre/systemic metabolism.

Question 4

What 3 factors determine the drug delivery system?

Answer 4

Dose of drug
Frequency
Timing

Question 5

What 7 things are considered when choosing a dosage regime?

Answer 5

Recommended dose
Impaired renal function
Impaired hepatic function
Age and Weight
Disease
Drug toxicity
Starting dose which can be increased.

Question 6

What are 3 examples of oral medication?

Answer 6

Solutions/suspensions
Capsules
Tablets

Question 7

Where is absorption of oral medication?

Answer 7

GI tract

Question 8

Who can solutions and suspensions be used for?

Answer 8

Young, elderly, people with swallowing problems

Question 9

What can solutions and suspensions be given via?

Answer 9

Naso-gastric or PEG

Question 10

Where is solutions and suspensions most rapidly absorbed?

Answer 10

Small intestine

Question 11

What are suspensions good for?

Answer 11

Drugs which are insoluble and unpalatable.

Question 12

What is the rate limiting step in absorption?

Answer 12

Dissolution or tablet break down.

Question 13

What are the 5 advantages of tablets and capsules?

Answer 13

Convenience
Accuracy of dose
Reproducibility
Drug stability
Ease of mass

Question 14

What are several tablets coated in?

Answer 14

Enteric coating which delays disintegration until small intestine.

Question 15

Why is aspirin coated?

Answer 15

To protect the stomach as it can cause stomach ulcers.

Question 16

Why are prolonged or delayed release formulations good?

Answer 16

Whole dose in one tablet, is active for the rest of the day.

Question 17

How are prolonged formulations prolonged?

Answer 17

Reducing the rate of absorption of the drug.

Question 18

What are the 3 types of prolonged/delayed release?

Answer 18

Oral preparations
Parenteral preparations
Surgical implants

Question 19

What is the negative of prolonged formulations?

Answer 19

Many are toxic so you can’t swap the tablet you’re on as it can cause chronic illness.

Question 20

What are prodrugs?

Answer 20

Synthesised inactive derivatives of an active drug which requires to be metabolically activated.

Question 21

What are the 2 advantages of prodrugs?

Answer 21

Prolongation of action

Avoidance of degradation of drug in gut.

Question 22

Where do sublingual tablets dissolve?

Answer 22

Under tongue

Buccal cavity

Question 23

Why are rectal route drugs used?

Answer 23

Young
Old
Unable to swalloq

Question 24

Why would you use rectal route?

Answer 24

Treat local conditions

Achieve systemic absorption.

Question 25

What is vaginal route used to treat?

Answer 25

Local disease

Question 26

Injection based drugs provide fast/slow systemic effect bypassing first-pass metabolism.

Answer 26

Fast

Question 27

Can injection drugs be administered in unconscious or comatose patients?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Injections drugs are used for drugs with long/short half life.

Answer 28

Short

Question 29

Why are drugs given intravenously?

Answer 29

Rapid result Control of plasma levels needed Drug has short half life

Question 30

What 3 ways can IV formulations be given?

Answer 30

Rapidly Slowly Continuously

Question 31

What 2 forms of drugs can be intramuscular injections?

Answer 31

Insoluble | Formulated in an oil base

Question 32

What is the advantage of intramuscular injections?

Answer 32

Allows a more sustained duration of action up to months.

Question 33

What is subcutaneous injections used for?

Answer 33

Insulin Heparin Narcotic analgesics

Question 34

What is the advantage of subcutaneous injections?

Answer 34

Easy to use | Bypasses need for venous access

Question 35

What are transdermal drugs?

Answer 35

Adhesive patches containing the drug.

Question 36

How do transdermal drugs cross the skin surface?

Answer 36

Percutaneous absorption

Question 37

What are the 3 forms of percutaneous drugs?

Answer 37

Creams Ointments Skin patches

Question 38

What effect is made by percutaneous drugs?

Answer 38

Local i.e steroids | Systemic i.e HRT

Question 39

What medication is used in inhalation?

Answer 39

Pressurised aerosol

Question 40

What are the advantages of inhalers?

Answer 40

Drug delivered rapidly Small doses Little systemic absorption Reduced adverse effects

Question 41

What are the disadvantages of inhalers?

Answer 41

Patient education is essential.

Question 42

What happens when monoclonal antibodies bind directly to cancer?

Answer 42

Induces immunological response to cancer cells.

Question 43

What have monoclonal antibodies been modified to deliver?

Answer 43

Toxin, cytokine or other active drugs.

Question 44

What is a liposomal drug?

Answer 44

When the drug is put into a very small pocket of fat.

Question 45

What is the most important part of the drug?

Answer 45

Shape and colour