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Principles of Disease > Drug Delivery System > Flashcards

Drug Delivery System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of drug delivery?

A

Oral
Injection
Transdermal
Carrier based

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2
Q

What are the different forms and formulations of drugs?

A 
Tablets
Solutions/suspensions
Ointments/creams
Inhalation
Injections
Suppositories
Pessaries
Novel Mechanisms
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3
Q

What can a drug delivery system be formulated to allow?

A

Selective targeting of a tissue site or avoid pre/systemic metabolism.

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4
Q

What 3 factors determine the drug delivery system?

A

Dose of drug
Frequency
Timing

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5
Q

What 7 things are considered when choosing a dosage regime?

A 
Recommended dose
Impaired renal function
Impaired hepatic function
Age and Weight
Disease
Drug toxicity
Starting dose which can be increased.
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6
Q

What are 3 examples of oral medication?

A

Solutions/suspensions
Capsules
Tablets

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7
Q

Where is absorption of oral medication?

A

GI tract

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8
Q

Who can solutions and suspensions be used for?

A

Young, elderly, people with swallowing problems

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9
Q

What can solutions and suspensions be given via?

A

Naso-gastric or PEG

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10
Q

Where is solutions and suspensions most rapidly absorbed?

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

What are suspensions good for?

A

Drugs which are insoluble and unpalatable.

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12
Q

What is the rate limiting step in absorption?

A

Dissolution or tablet break down.

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13
Q

What are the 5 advantages of tablets and capsules?

A 
Convenience
Accuracy of dose
Reproducibility
Drug stability
Ease of mass
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14
Q

What are several tablets coated in?

A

Enteric coating which delays disintegration until small intestine.

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15
Q

Why is aspirin coated?

A

To protect the stomach as it can cause stomach ulcers.

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16
Q

Why are prolonged or delayed release formulations good?

A

Whole dose in one tablet, is active for the rest of the day.

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17
Q

How are prolonged formulations prolonged?

A

Reducing the rate of absorption of the drug.

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of prolonged/delayed release?

A

Oral preparations
Parenteral preparations
Surgical implants

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19
Q

What is the negative of prolonged formulations?

A

Many are toxic so you can’t swap the tablet you’re on as it can cause chronic illness.

20
Q

What are prodrugs?

A

Synthesised inactive derivatives of an active drug which requires to be metabolically activated.

21
Q

What are the 2 advantages of prodrugs?

A

Prolongation of action

Avoidance of degradation of drug in gut.

22
Q

Where do sublingual tablets dissolve?

A

Under tongue

Buccal cavity

23
Q

Why are rectal route drugs used?

A

Young
Old
Unable to swalloq

24
Q

Why would you use rectal route?

A

Treat local conditions

Achieve systemic absorption.

25
Q

What is vaginal route used to treat?

A

Local disease

26
Q

Injection based drugs provide fast/slow systemic effect bypassing first-pass metabolism.

A

Fast

27
Q

Can injection drugs be administered in unconscious or comatose patients?

A

Yes

28
Q

Injections drugs are used for drugs with long/short half life.

A

Short

29
Q

Why are drugs given intravenously?

A

Rapid result
Control of plasma levels needed
Drug has short half life

30
Q

What 3 ways can IV formulations be given?

A

Rapidly
Slowly
Continuously

31
Q

What 2 forms of drugs can be intramuscular injections?

A

Insoluble

Formulated in an oil base

32
Q

What is the advantage of intramuscular injections?

A

Allows a more sustained duration of action up to months.

33
Q

What is subcutaneous injections used for?

A

Insulin
Heparin
Narcotic analgesics

34
Q

What is the advantage of subcutaneous injections?

A

Easy to use

Bypasses need for venous access

35
Q

What are transdermal drugs?

A

Adhesive patches containing the drug.

36
Q

How do transdermal drugs cross the skin surface?

A

Percutaneous absorption

37
Q

What are the 3 forms of percutaneous drugs?

A

Creams
Ointments
Skin patches

38
Q

What effect is made by percutaneous drugs?

A

Local i.e steroids

Systemic i.e HRT

39
Q

What medication is used in inhalation?

A

Pressurised aerosol

40
Q

What are the advantages of inhalers?

A

Drug delivered rapidly
Small doses
Little systemic absorption
Reduced adverse effects

41
Q

What are the disadvantages of inhalers?

A

Patient education is essential.

42
Q

What happens when monoclonal antibodies bind directly to cancer?

A

Induces immunological response to cancer cells.

43
Q

What have monoclonal antibodies been modified to deliver?

A

Toxin, cytokine or other active drugs.

44
Q

What is a liposomal drug?

A

When the drug is put into a very small pocket of fat.

45
Q

What is the most important part of the drug?

A

Shape and colour

Principles of Disease (42 decks)

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