Introduction to Parasites

Question 1

Define a parasite.

Answer 1

Organism that lives in another organism (host) and gets its food at the expense of this host.

Question 2

Are parasites simple organisms?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Are parasites less complex than bacteria?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What parasite causes the most deaths globally?

Answer 4

Malaria

Question 5

What are the three types of protozoa?

Answer 5

Malaria
Amoebae
Flagellates

Question 6

What are the three types of helminths?

Answer 6

Roundworms
Tapeworms
Flukes

Question 7

What are the three types of arthropods?

Answer 7

Lice
Ticks
Mites

Question 8

In what two ways can protozoa live?

Answer 8

Free-living

Parasitic

Question 9

Where do protozoa multiply?

Answer 9

In humans

Question 10

How are protozoa transmitted from humans intestine?

Answer 10

Faecal-oral

Question 11

How are protozoa transmitted from blood or tissue of humans?

Answer 11

Arthropod vector

Question 12

What type of disease is malaria?

Answer 12

Mosquito-borne.

Question 13

What are three symptoms of malaria?

Answer 13

Fever
Chills
Flu like illness

Question 14

What is the parasite involved in malaria?

Answer 14

Plasmodium species (4)

Question 15

What parasite has the highest mortality in malaria?

Answer 15

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 16

What type of mosquito acts as the vector?

Answer 16

Anopheles

Question 17

What type of stained blood film is used to show infected red cells?

Answer 17

Giemsa

Question 18

What are the two types of malaria blood films?

Answer 18

Thick

Thin

Question 19

What are injected under the skin by mosquitos and where do they travel to?

Answer 19

Sporozoites

Through blood to liver

Question 20

What do sporozoites do in the liver and what do they re-enter circulation as?

Answer 20

Mature

Merozoites

Question 21

What form of parasite is taken up by the mosquito?

Answer 21

Sexual

Question 22

What 2 things can be used for malaria control?

Answer 22

Insecticide treated mosquito nets

Prophylaxis

Question 23

What does amoebic dysentery cause?

Answer 23

Diarrhoea with blood/pus

Question 24

What is the parasite that causes amoebic dysentery?

Answer 24

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 25

What ingests red cells and how does it do this?

Answer 25

Trophozoite | Throw out pseudopodia

Question 26

What can be seen under the microscope in amoebic dysentery?

Answer 26

Cysts in a stool sample

Question 27

What is the parasite that causes Leishmaniasis?

Answer 27

Leishmania species

Question 28

What are the two main parasites that cause Leishmaniasis?

Answer 28

Cutaneous | Mucocutaenous Leishmaniasis

Question 29

What type of worm is a nematode?

Answer 29

Round worm

Question 30

What type of worm is a cestodes?

Answer 30

Tapeworm

Question 31

What type of worm is a trematode?

Answer 31

Flatworm

Question 32

What is the other name for pinworm?

Answer 32

Enterobiasis

Question 33

How is pinworm diagnoses?

Answer 33

Press adhesive sellotape against perianal region in the morning. See ova on microscopy.

Question 34

What is the most prevalent nematode?

Answer 34

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 35

In ascaris lumbricoides, where do the ingested eggs hatch?

Answer 35

In the intestine

Question 36

Where is larvae of ascaris lumbricoides carried?

Answer 36

Lungs where it is swallowed again.

Question 37

What can a mass of ascaris lumbricoides do?

Answer 37

Obstruct the small intestine or common bile duct.

Question 38

What type of tapeworm is found in beef and pork?

Answer 38

Taenia Saginata | Taenia Solium

Question 39

What is the intermediate host in tapeworm diseases?

Answer 39

Meat

Question 40

What is the definitive host in tapeworm diseases?

Answer 40

Human

Question 41

What is cysticercosis?

Answer 41

Ingestion of taenia solium eggs.

Question 42

What type of tapeworm is carried by dogs and wolves?

Answer 42

Echinococcus sp.

Question 43

How is echinococcus sp. transmitted?

Answer 43

Humans ingest eggs which hatch and form a hydatid cyst in the liver.

Question 44

How is echinococcus sp. removed from the body?

Answer 44

Surgical resection.

Question 45

What is the biggest trematode disease?

Answer 45

Schistosomiasis

Question 46

What are the 3 major schistosomes?

Answer 46

Haemoatobium (bladder) Mansoni (intestines) Japonicum (intestines)

Question 47

Where is there a high rate of schistosomiasis?

Answer 47

Near fresh water as snails are needed for transmission.

Question 48

What is found in fresh water which goes into snails?

Answer 48

Miracidia

Question 49

What emerges from snails 4-6 weeks later?

Answer 49

Cercaria

Question 50

What happens after cercaria is penetrated through the human skin?

Answer 50

Migrates through lungs to liver where they mature into worms/

Question 51

What do schistosome eggs cause?

Answer 51

Inflammation and potentially Katayama fever.

Question 52

What 2 things is helminth infection often accompanied by?

Answer 52

Eosinophilia | Elevated IgE

Question 53

What is needed for a definitive diagnosis in parasitology?

Answer 53

Identification of parasite.

Question 54

What 3 ways can be used to diagnose parasites?

Answer 54

Microscopy (PCO) Blood films (Malaria) Serology