Outline of Cancer Process Flashcards
What are the 4 words to describe cancer?
Mass
Tumour
Growth
Neoplasm
What is the description of carcinoma?
Disorderly growth of cells (usually epithelial) which invade adjacent tissue and spread by the lymphatics and blood vessels.
What does monoclonal mean?
Arise from a single cell.
What % of cancers are lung cancer?
22
What will be seen under the microscope in cancer?
Lots of dividing cells with irregular nuclei, at different stages of mitosis.
What stages can cells go to in G1 stage?
S
G0
What are G0 cells?
Non-proliferating cells
How do you differentiate between cancer cells and normal cells?
Cancer: loss of contact, increase in growth factor, increase in oncogene, loss of tumour suppressor genes
Normal: oncogene rare, intermittent growth factors, presence of tumour suppressor genes
What is the process of preclinical cancer?
Carcinogen
Initiation
Promotion
Tumour growth
What occurs during clinical cancer?
Progression
What power of 10 is cancer detectable at?
9
What power of 10 is cancer fatal?
12
What are the 3 causes of initiation?
Chemical
Physical
Viral
What are the 2 causes of promotion?
Growth factors
Oncogenes
What is the cause of progression?
Metastasis