Immunity Flashcards
What do phagocytic cells do?
Ingest foreign bodies.
What are the 3 types of polymorph phagocytic cells?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
What do monocytes in blood mature into?
Tissue macrophages
Are lymphocytes phagocytic?
No
What are the 4 steps of phagocytosis?
Organism ingested and held in phagosome.
Fusion with lysosome
Phagolysosome
Intra-cellular killing
What organisms are resistant to phagocytosis?
Capsulated organisms.
Give an example of an organism which is resistant to intracellular killing.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
What does the spleen clear?
Blood.
What does the liver clear?
Enterohepatic circulation
What do lymph nodes drain?
Peripheral sites.
Define opsonization.
An organism coated with antibody or complement. Phagocytic cell has receptors for both.
What is created in acquired immunity?
Immunological memory
What is each antigen usually a mixture of?
Epitopes.
What is the code for immunoglobulins?
Ig
What is the code for primary response?
IgM
What is the code for secondary response?
IgG
What is the code for mucosal immunity?
IgA
What is the code for allergy and helminth infection?
IgE
What do B-lymphocytes do when the recognise a specific epitope?
Differentiate into plasma cells.
B-Lymphocytes require help from ______.
CD4 T-Cells.
A monoclonal antibody has specificity for a ______ epitope. A polyclonal antibody has ______ specificity.
Single, multiple.
What is a complement?
Complex cascade of 20 or so proteins (importantly C1-C9).
What does an antibody do to bacterial toxins?
Neutralises them.
What does an antibody do to viruses in the viraemic stage?
Neutralises them.
What does an antibody do for microorganisms?
Prevents their adherence.
What does an antibody do for organisms?
Opsonized encapsulated ones.
Complement cascade by-products are ______.
Chemotactic.
Give 4 features of humoral immunity.
Mostly bacterial infection
Extra-cellular
Acute inflammation
Neutrophilia.
What are cytokines produced for?
To control the cells immune response.
What are the 2 types of T Cell?
CD4 helper cells
CD8 Suppressor and cytotoxic cells.
What do CD4 Th1 cells do?
Activate macrophages to ingest or kill pathogen.
What do CD8 cells do?
Kill infected host cells or foreign cells.
What is candida albicans also known as?
AIDS
What type of cellular infection is lymphocytosis?
Intracellular.
