Chronic Inflammation 1

Question 1

What is the definition of chronic inflammation?

Answer 1

Inflammation in which the cell population is especially lymphocytes, plasma cells or macrophages.

Question 2

What are the 4 functions of chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

Tissue or organ damage
Necrosis
Loss of function
Healing and repair

Question 3

In what 2 ways can chronic inflammation arise?

Answer 3

Following acute inflammation

Primary lesion

Question 4

Is chronic inflammation usually short or long term?

Answer 4

Long

Question 5

What are the 3 clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?

Answer 5

Malaise/weight loss
Loss of function
No specific sore bit

Question 6

What 3 features would make you think the chronic inflammation is due to acute inflammation?

Answer 6

Large volume of damage
Inability to remove debris
Fails to resolve

Question 7

In granulation tissue, what grows into an inflammatory mass?

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

In granulation tissue, what gains access?

Answer 8

Plasma proteins and macrophages

Question 9

What lays down collagen to repair damaged tissue?

Answer 9

Fibroblasts

Question 10

What does collagen replace?

Answer 10

Inflammatory exudate

Question 11

What is fibrous tissue?

Answer 11

Scar

Question 12

What is fibrosis as a problem?

Answer 12

Adhesions between loops of bowel following peritonitis.

Question 13

What can fibrosis progress to?

Answer 13

Chronic inflammation.

Question 14

What happens in autoimmune disease?

Answer 14

Autoantibodies directed against own autoantigens which damages or destroys tissues and organs.

Question 15

What 4 pathogens are involved in primary chronic inflammation?

Answer 15

Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Fibrosis

Question 16

PCI: What materials are resistant to digestion?

Answer 16

Mycobacteria
Viruses
Cell wall (to enzymes)

Question 17

PCI - What are exogenous substances? (Hint, don’t provoke immune response).

Answer 17

Sutures
Metal and plastic
Mineral crystals

Question 18

PCI - What are endogenous substances? (Hint, cannot be easily phagocytosed).

Answer 18

Necrotic tissue
Keratin
Hair

Question 19

What are the main functions of lymphocytes?

Answer 19

Immune response and memory

Question 20

What is the main function of plasma cell?

Answer 20

Antibody production

Question 21

What is the B-cell mechanism?

Answer 21

Differentiates to plasma
Facilitates immune response
Acts with macrophages
Immune memory

Question 22

What is the T-cell mechanism?

Answer 22

Produce cytokines
Produce interferons
Damage and kill other cells and destroy antigen

Question 23

What do cytokines do to macrophages?

Answer 23

Attract, hold and activate them.

Question 24

What do interferons do to other cells?

Answer 24

Attract and stimulate them.

Question 25

What is the function of natural killer cells?

Answer 25

Destroy antigens and cells.

Question 26

What is the role of macrophages in immune system?

Answer 26

Antigen presenting cell.

Question 27

Where are macrophages found?

Answer 27

Bone marrow | Blood tissues

Question 28

What is the macrophage mechanism?

Answer 28

Mobile phagocyte moves from the blood Take over from neutrophils Contain enzymes Produce interferons and other chemicals.

Question 29

What is the function of fibroblasts?

Answer 29

Make and assemble structural proteins such as collagens.