Chronic Inflammation 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of chronic inflammation?
Inflammation in which the cell population is especially lymphocytes, plasma cells or macrophages.
What are the 4 functions of chronic inflammation?
Tissue or organ damage
Necrosis
Loss of function
Healing and repair
In what 2 ways can chronic inflammation arise?
Following acute inflammation
Primary lesion
Is chronic inflammation usually short or long term?
Long
What are the 3 clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?
Malaise/weight loss
Loss of function
No specific sore bit
What 3 features would make you think the chronic inflammation is due to acute inflammation?
Large volume of damage
Inability to remove debris
Fails to resolve
In granulation tissue, what grows into an inflammatory mass?
Capillaries
In granulation tissue, what gains access?
Plasma proteins and macrophages
What lays down collagen to repair damaged tissue?
Fibroblasts
What does collagen replace?
Inflammatory exudate
What is fibrous tissue?
Scar
What is fibrosis as a problem?
Adhesions between loops of bowel following peritonitis.
What can fibrosis progress to?
Chronic inflammation.
What happens in autoimmune disease?
Autoantibodies directed against own autoantigens which damages or destroys tissues and organs.
What 4 pathogens are involved in primary chronic inflammation?
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Fibrosis
PCI: What materials are resistant to digestion?
Mycobacteria
Viruses
Cell wall (to enzymes)
PCI - What are exogenous substances? (Hint, don’t provoke immune response).
Sutures
Metal and plastic
Mineral crystals
PCI - What are endogenous substances? (Hint, cannot be easily phagocytosed).
Necrotic tissue
Keratin
Hair
What are the main functions of lymphocytes?
Immune response and memory
What is the main function of plasma cell?
Antibody production
What is the B-cell mechanism?
Differentiates to plasma
Facilitates immune response
Acts with macrophages
Immune memory
What is the T-cell mechanism?
Produce cytokines
Produce interferons
Damage and kill other cells and destroy antigen
What do cytokines do to macrophages?
Attract, hold and activate them.
What do interferons do to other cells?
Attract and stimulate them.
What is the function of natural killer cells?
Destroy antigens and cells.
What is the role of macrophages in immune system?
Antigen presenting cell.
Where are macrophages found?
Bone marrow
Blood tissues
What is the macrophage mechanism?
Mobile phagocyte moves from the blood
Take over from neutrophils
Contain enzymes
Produce interferons and other chemicals.
What is the function of fibroblasts?
Make and assemble structural proteins such as collagens.
