Chronic Inflammation 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of chronic inflammation?

A

Inflammation in which the cell population is especially lymphocytes, plasma cells or macrophages.

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2
Q

What are the 4 functions of chronic inflammation?

A

Tissue or organ damage
Necrosis
Loss of function
Healing and repair

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3
Q

In what 2 ways can chronic inflammation arise?

A

Following acute inflammation

Primary lesion

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4
Q

Is chronic inflammation usually short or long term?

A

Long

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5
Q

What are the 3 clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?

A

Malaise/weight loss
Loss of function
No specific sore bit

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6
Q

What 3 features would make you think the chronic inflammation is due to acute inflammation?

A

Large volume of damage
Inability to remove debris
Fails to resolve

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7
Q

In granulation tissue, what grows into an inflammatory mass?

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

In granulation tissue, what gains access?

A

Plasma proteins and macrophages

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9
Q

What lays down collagen to repair damaged tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

What does collagen replace?

A

Inflammatory exudate

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11
Q

What is fibrous tissue?

A

Scar

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12
Q

What is fibrosis as a problem?

A

Adhesions between loops of bowel following peritonitis.

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13
Q

What can fibrosis progress to?

A

Chronic inflammation.

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14
Q

What happens in autoimmune disease?

A

Autoantibodies directed against own autoantigens which damages or destroys tissues and organs.

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15
Q

What 4 pathogens are involved in primary chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Fibrosis

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16
Q

PCI: What materials are resistant to digestion?

A

Mycobacteria
Viruses
Cell wall (to enzymes)

17
Q

PCI - What are exogenous substances? (Hint, don’t provoke immune response).

A

Sutures
Metal and plastic
Mineral crystals

18
Q

PCI - What are endogenous substances? (Hint, cannot be easily phagocytosed).

A

Necrotic tissue
Keratin
Hair

19
Q

What are the main functions of lymphocytes?

A

Immune response and memory

20
Q

What is the main function of plasma cell?

A

Antibody production

21
Q

What is the B-cell mechanism?

A

Differentiates to plasma
Facilitates immune response
Acts with macrophages
Immune memory

22
Q

What is the T-cell mechanism?

A

Produce cytokines
Produce interferons
Damage and kill other cells and destroy antigen

23
Q

What do cytokines do to macrophages?

A

Attract, hold and activate them.

24
Q

What do interferons do to other cells?

A

Attract and stimulate them.

25
Q

What is the function of natural killer cells?

A

Destroy antigens and cells.

26
Q

What is the role of macrophages in immune system?

A

Antigen presenting cell.

27
Q

Where are macrophages found?

A

Bone marrow

Blood tissues

28
Q

What is the macrophage mechanism?

A

Mobile phagocyte moves from the blood
Take over from neutrophils
Contain enzymes
Produce interferons and other chemicals.

29
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts?

A

Make and assemble structural proteins such as collagens.