Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria (Gram-negatives) Flashcards
What are the two types of gram negative cocci bacteria?
Neisseria spp
Moraxella Catarrhalis
What does neisseria meningitidis cause?
Meningitis
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges and septicaemia.
How can neisseria meningitidis be detected?
PCR on EDTA blood.
What does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?
Urethritis in men, pelvic inflammatory disease in females.
What is moraxella catarrhalis a causative agent of?
Respiratory tract infections.
What are coliforms?
Organisms in the enterobacteriaceae family.
What can be used to identify gram negative bacilli?
Lactose fermentation
What are the 4 virulence mechanisms of E.Coli?
Pili
Capsule
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
What does E.Coli cause?
UTI
What is enterotoxigenic E.Coli?
Commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea.
What is enterohaemorrhagic E.Coli?
Bloody diarrhoea (Associated with E.Coli O157).
Salmonella spp does/does not ferment lactose.
Does not.
How many serotypes of salmonella enterica are there?
Over 1500
What is salmonella spp?
Self-limiting enterocolitis with or without bloody diarrhoea.
What is salmonella typhi the cause of?
Typhoid fever.
Where can salmonella typhi be isolated from?
Blood cultures
Faeces
What is shigella spp the cause of?
Diarrhoea
Dysentery
What is klebsiella spp the cause of?
UTI
Pneumonia
What is proteus spp the cause of?
UTI
What type of bacteria is campylobacter spp?
Curved gram-negative.
Microaerophilic.
How is campylobacter spp transported?
Faecal-oral route.
What does campylobacter cause?
Foul smelling then bloody diarrhoea (Commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK).
What shape are helicobacter pylori?
Curved rods.
Where are helicobacter pylori found?
Human stomach.
What does helicobacter pylori cause?
Damaged mucosa
Ulcers
What shape is haemophilus influenzae?
Cocco-bacilli.
What does haemophilus influenzae cause?
Respiratory tract infection.
What does pseudomonas spp cause?
Hospital acquired sepsis (pneumonia, UTI)
What are the three types of anaerobes?
Bacteriodes spp
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
What does bacteroides fradilis cause?
Intra-abdominal abscess.
What do oral anaerobes cause?
Dental abscess.
What are the 3 types of miscellaneous bacteria?
Mycobacterium
Spirochaetes
Chlamydia
How are mycobacterium species seen?
ZN stain
What does mycobacterium tuberculosis cause?
Tuberculosis
What does mycobacterium leprae cause?
Leprosy
What shape are spirochaetes?
Long, spiral shaped.
What are 3 common spirochaete diseases?
Syphilis
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis
What is primary syphilis?
Non-painful skin lesion.
What is secondary syphilis?
Generalised systemic illness and rash
What is tertiary syphilis?
Central nervous system attack
What is congenital syphilis?
Stillbirth
Neonatal death
What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease?
Skin rash
Systemic illness
Chronic disease
How is leptospirosis spread?
Infected urine and other body fluids.
How can chlamydia be diagnosed?
Serology
What does chlamydia trachomatis cause?
Trachoma
Genital and neonatal infections
