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Principles of Disease > Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria (Gram-negatives) > Flashcards

Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria (Gram-negatives) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of gram negative cocci bacteria?

A

Neisseria spp

Moraxella Catarrhalis

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2
Q

What does neisseria meningitidis cause?

A

Meningitis

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3
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges and septicaemia.

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4
Q

How can neisseria meningitidis be detected?

A

PCR on EDTA blood.

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5
Q

What does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?

A

Urethritis in men, pelvic inflammatory disease in females.

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6
Q

What is moraxella catarrhalis a causative agent of?

A

Respiratory tract infections.

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7
Q

What are coliforms?

A

Organisms in the enterobacteriaceae family.

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8
Q

What can be used to identify gram negative bacilli?

A

Lactose fermentation

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9
Q

What are the 4 virulence mechanisms of E.Coli?

A

Pili
Capsule
Endotoxin
Exotoxin

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10
Q

What does E.Coli cause?

A

UTI

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11
Q

What is enterotoxigenic E.Coli?

A

Commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea.

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12
Q

What is enterohaemorrhagic E.Coli?

A

Bloody diarrhoea (Associated with E.Coli O157).

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13
Q

Salmonella spp does/does not ferment lactose.

A

Does not.

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14
Q

How many serotypes of salmonella enterica are there?

A

Over 1500

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15
Q

What is salmonella spp?

A

Self-limiting enterocolitis with or without bloody diarrhoea.

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16
Q

What is salmonella typhi the cause of?

A

Typhoid fever.

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17
Q

Where can salmonella typhi be isolated from?

A

Blood cultures

Faeces

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18
Q

What is shigella spp the cause of?

A

Diarrhoea

Dysentery

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19
Q

What is klebsiella spp the cause of?

A

UTI

Pneumonia

20
Q

What is proteus spp the cause of?

A

UTI

21
Q

What type of bacteria is campylobacter spp?

A

Curved gram-negative.

Microaerophilic.

22
Q

How is campylobacter spp transported?

A

Faecal-oral route.

23
Q

What does campylobacter cause?

A

Foul smelling then bloody diarrhoea (Commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK).

24
Q

What shape are helicobacter pylori?

A

Curved rods.

25
Q

Where are helicobacter pylori found?

A

Human stomach.

26
Q

What does helicobacter pylori cause?

A

Damaged mucosa

Ulcers

27
Q

What shape is haemophilus influenzae?

A

Cocco-bacilli.

28
Q

What does haemophilus influenzae cause?

A

Respiratory tract infection.

29
Q

What does pseudomonas spp cause?

A

Hospital acquired sepsis (pneumonia, UTI)

30
Q

What are the three types of anaerobes?

A

Bacteriodes spp
Prevotella
Porphyromonas

31
Q

What does bacteroides fradilis cause?

A

Intra-abdominal abscess.

32
Q

What do oral anaerobes cause?

A

Dental abscess.

33
Q

What are the 3 types of miscellaneous bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium
Spirochaetes
Chlamydia

34
Q

How are mycobacterium species seen?

A

ZN stain

35
Q

What does mycobacterium tuberculosis cause?

A

Tuberculosis

36
Q

What does mycobacterium leprae cause?

A

Leprosy

37
Q

What shape are spirochaetes?

A

Long, spiral shaped.

38
Q

What are 3 common spirochaete diseases?

A

Syphilis
Lyme disease
Leptospirosis

39
Q

What is primary syphilis?

A

Non-painful skin lesion.

40
Q

What is secondary syphilis?

A

Generalised systemic illness and rash

41
Q

What is tertiary syphilis?

A

Central nervous system attack

42
Q

What is congenital syphilis?

A

Stillbirth

Neonatal death

43
Q

What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease?

A

Skin rash
Systemic illness
Chronic disease

44
Q

How is leptospirosis spread?

A

Infected urine and other body fluids.

45
Q

How can chlamydia be diagnosed?

A

Serology

46
Q

What does chlamydia trachomatis cause?

A

Trachoma

Genital and neonatal infections

Principles of Disease (42 decks)

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