Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria (Gram-negatives)

Question 1

What are the two types of gram negative cocci bacteria?

Answer 1

Neisseria spp

Moraxella Catarrhalis

Question 2

What does neisseria meningitidis cause?

Answer 2

Meningitis

Question 3

What is meningitis?

Answer 3

Inflammation of the meninges and septicaemia.

Question 4

How can neisseria meningitidis be detected?

Answer 4

PCR on EDTA blood.

Question 5

What does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?

Answer 5

Urethritis in men, pelvic inflammatory disease in females.

Question 6

What is moraxella catarrhalis a causative agent of?

Answer 6

Respiratory tract infections.

Question 7

What are coliforms?

Answer 7

Organisms in the enterobacteriaceae family.

Question 8

What can be used to identify gram negative bacilli?

Answer 8

Lactose fermentation

Question 9

What are the 4 virulence mechanisms of E.Coli?

Answer 9

Pili
Capsule
Endotoxin
Exotoxin

Question 10

What does E.Coli cause?

Answer 10

UTI

Question 11

What is enterotoxigenic E.Coli?

Answer 11

Commonest cause of traveller’s diarrhoea.

Question 12

What is enterohaemorrhagic E.Coli?

Answer 12

Bloody diarrhoea (Associated with E.Coli O157).

Question 13

Salmonella spp does/does not ferment lactose.

Answer 13

Does not.

Question 14

How many serotypes of salmonella enterica are there?

Answer 14

Over 1500

Question 15

What is salmonella spp?

Answer 15

Self-limiting enterocolitis with or without bloody diarrhoea.

Question 16

What is salmonella typhi the cause of?

Answer 16

Typhoid fever.

Question 17

Where can salmonella typhi be isolated from?

Answer 17

Blood cultures

Faeces

Question 18

What is shigella spp the cause of?

Answer 18

Diarrhoea

Dysentery

Question 19

What is klebsiella spp the cause of?

Answer 19

UTI

Pneumonia

Question 20

What is proteus spp the cause of?

Answer 20

UTI

Question 21

What type of bacteria is campylobacter spp?

Answer 21

Curved gram-negative.

Microaerophilic.

Question 22

How is campylobacter spp transported?

Answer 22

Faecal-oral route.

Question 23

What does campylobacter cause?

Answer 23

Foul smelling then bloody diarrhoea (Commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea in the UK).

Question 24

What shape are helicobacter pylori?

Answer 24

Curved rods.

Question 25

Where are helicobacter pylori found?

Answer 25

Human stomach.

Question 26

What does helicobacter pylori cause?

Answer 26

Damaged mucosa | Ulcers

Question 27

What shape is haemophilus influenzae?

Answer 27

Cocco-bacilli.

Question 28

What does haemophilus influenzae cause?

Answer 28

Respiratory tract infection.

Question 29

What does pseudomonas spp cause?

Answer 29

Hospital acquired sepsis (pneumonia, UTI)

Question 30

What are the three types of anaerobes?

Answer 30

Bacteriodes spp Prevotella Porphyromonas

Question 31

What does bacteroides fradilis cause?

Answer 31

Intra-abdominal abscess.

Question 32

What do oral anaerobes cause?

Answer 32

Dental abscess.

Question 33

What are the 3 types of miscellaneous bacteria?

Answer 33

Mycobacterium Spirochaetes Chlamydia

Question 34

How are mycobacterium species seen?

Answer 34

ZN stain

Question 35

What does mycobacterium tuberculosis cause?

Answer 35

Tuberculosis

Question 36

What does mycobacterium leprae cause?

Answer 36

Leprosy

Question 37

What shape are spirochaetes?

Answer 37

Long, spiral shaped.

Question 38

What are 3 common spirochaete diseases?

Answer 38

Syphilis Lyme disease Leptospirosis

Question 39

What is primary syphilis?

Answer 39

Non-painful skin lesion.

Question 40

What is secondary syphilis?

Answer 40

Generalised systemic illness and rash

Question 41

What is tertiary syphilis?

Answer 41

Central nervous system attack

Question 42

What is congenital syphilis?

Answer 42

Stillbirth | Neonatal death

Question 43

What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease?

Answer 43

Skin rash Systemic illness Chronic disease

Question 44

How is leptospirosis spread?

Answer 44

Infected urine and other body fluids.

Question 45

How can chlamydia be diagnosed?

Answer 45

Serology

Question 46

What does chlamydia trachomatis cause?

Answer 46

Trachoma | Genital and neonatal infections