Tumour Pathology 1 Flashcards
Define a tumour.
An abnormal growing mass of tissue.
Discuss the growth of a tumour.
Growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue.
Growth continues after the removal of any stimulus which may have caused the tumour.
What are the 2 types of tumour?
Benign
Malignant (Cancer)
Define cancer.
A fundamental property of cancer is its ability to invade into adjacent tissue and to metastasise and grow at other sites within the body.
What does the term metastasise mean?
Spread
What are the 2 general factors which are important in the causation of cancer?
Genetic
Environmental
What are the top 5 male cancers?
Prostate Lung Colon Bladder Lymph Node
What are the top 5 female cancers?
Breast Lung Colon Uterus Ovary
What are the top 5 overall cancers?
Breast Lung Prostate Colon Melanoma
What is the survival rate of breast cancer?
85%
What is the survival rate of prostate cancer?
80%
What is the survival rate of lung cancer?
15%
Why is classification of tumours important? (2 points)
Understanding tumour behaviour.
Determining outcome and selecting therapy.
What are the 2 things tumours are classified on?
Tissue of origin
Benign or Malignant
What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of glandular epithelium?
Adenoma
Adenocarcinoma
What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of squamous epithelium?
Squamous Papilloma
Squamous Carcinoma
What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of bone tissue?
Osteoma
Osteosarcoma
What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of fat tissue?
Lipoma
Liposarcoma
What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of fibrous tissue?
Fibroma
Fibrosarcoma
What would be the malignant nomenclature of white blood cells?
Leukaemia
What would be the malignant nomenclature of lymphoid tissue?
Lymphoma
What would be the malignant nomenclature of neural tissue in the CNS?
Astrocytoma
What would be the malignant nomenclature of neural tissue in the PNS?
Schwannoma
What would be the nomenclature of germ cell tumours?
Teratomas
Where do teratomas develop and are they benign or malignant?
Ovaries - Benign
Testis - Malignant
What are the 8 features of tumours?
Growth pattern Presence of capsule Invasion Presence of metastases Differentiation Appearance of tumour cells Function Behaviour
In these 8 features, what would be seen in benign tumours?
Noninvasive growth pattern Encapsulated No invasion No metastases Cells similar to normal Well-differentiated Function like normal Rarely cause death
In the 8 features, what would be seen in malignant tumours?
Invasive growth pattern No capsule Invasion Metastases Cells Abnormal Poorly differentiated Loss of normal function Frequently cause death
