Tumour Pathology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define a tumour.

A

An abnormal growing mass of tissue.

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2
Q

Discuss the growth of a tumour.

A

Growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue.
Growth continues after the removal of any stimulus which may have caused the tumour.

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of tumour?

A

Benign

Malignant (Cancer)

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4
Q

Define cancer.

A

A fundamental property of cancer is its ability to invade into adjacent tissue and to metastasise and grow at other sites within the body.

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5
Q

What does the term metastasise mean?

A

Spread

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6
Q

What are the 2 general factors which are important in the causation of cancer?

A

Genetic

Environmental

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7
Q

What are the top 5 male cancers?

A
Prostate
Lung
Colon
Bladder
Lymph Node
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8
Q

What are the top 5 female cancers?

A
Breast
Lung
Colon
Uterus
Ovary
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9
Q

What are the top 5 overall cancers?

A
Breast
Lung
Prostate
Colon
Melanoma
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10
Q

What is the survival rate of breast cancer?

A

85%

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11
Q

What is the survival rate of prostate cancer?

A

80%

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12
Q

What is the survival rate of lung cancer?

A

15%

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13
Q

Why is classification of tumours important? (2 points)

A

Understanding tumour behaviour.

Determining outcome and selecting therapy.

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14
Q

What are the 2 things tumours are classified on?

A

Tissue of origin

Benign or Malignant

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15
Q

What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of glandular epithelium?

A

Adenoma

Adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of squamous epithelium?

A

Squamous Papilloma

Squamous Carcinoma

17
Q

What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of bone tissue?

A

Osteoma

Osteosarcoma

18
Q

What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of fat tissue?

A

Lipoma

Liposarcoma

19
Q

What would be the benign and malignant nomenclature of fibrous tissue?

A

Fibroma

Fibrosarcoma

20
Q

What would be the malignant nomenclature of white blood cells?

A

Leukaemia

21
Q

What would be the malignant nomenclature of lymphoid tissue?

A

Lymphoma

22
Q

What would be the malignant nomenclature of neural tissue in the CNS?

A

Astrocytoma

23
Q

What would be the malignant nomenclature of neural tissue in the PNS?

A

Schwannoma

24
Q

What would be the nomenclature of germ cell tumours?

A

Teratomas

25
Q

Where do teratomas develop and are they benign or malignant?

A

Ovaries - Benign

Testis - Malignant

26
Q

What are the 8 features of tumours?

A
Growth pattern
Presence of capsule
Invasion
Presence of metastases
Differentiation
Appearance of tumour cells
Function
Behaviour
27
Q

In these 8 features, what would be seen in benign tumours?

A
Noninvasive growth pattern
Encapsulated
No invasion
No metastases
Cells similar to normal
Well-differentiated
Function like normal
Rarely cause death
28
Q

In the 8 features, what would be seen in malignant tumours?

A
Invasive growth pattern
No capsule
Invasion
Metastases
Cells Abnormal
Poorly differentiated
Loss of normal function
Frequently cause death