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Principles of Disease > Introduction to fungi > Flashcards

Introduction to fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things can fungi infect?

A

Plants
Insects
Amphibians
Mammals

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2
Q

What is the kingdom name?

A

Fungi

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3
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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4
Q

Define fungus.

A

Chemo-organotrophic eukaryote that lacks chlorophyll and forms spores.

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5
Q

What do fungi walls contain and what is its function?

A

Polysaccharides, absorb nutrients.

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6
Q

What do fungi membranes contain?

A

Ergosterol.

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7
Q

What are the sexual and asexual spores of basidomycetes?

A

Basidiospore

Conidium

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8
Q

What are the sexual and asexual spores of ascomycetes?

A

Ascospore

Conidium

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9
Q

What are the sexual and asexual spores of zygomycetes?

A

Zygospore

Sporangiospore

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10
Q

Define yeast.

A

Fungi that favour a unicellular habit.

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11
Q

What are fungi a significant cause of?

A

Non-fatal diseases.

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12
Q

What is athlete’s foot caused by?

A

Epidermophyton
Microsporum
Trichophyton spp.

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13
Q

What is thrush caused by?

A

Candida spp.

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14
Q

What is pityriasis versicolor caused by?

A

Malassezia spp.

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15
Q

What is the general name for ringworm infections?

A

Tinea

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16
Q

What are the causative agents for dermatophytosis?

A

Epidermophyton
Microsporum
Trichophyton spp.

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17
Q

What do the causative agents for dermatophytosis do?

A

Degrade keratin as a nutrient source.

18
Q

What are the causative agents for pityriasis versicolour?

A

Malessezia spp.

19
Q

What do the causative agents for pityriasis versicolour do?

A

Form hyphae in infected skin.

20
Q

What are the favourable micro-environments for fungal infections?

A

Warm, moist areas.

21
Q

What reduces competition for epithelial colonization sites in the gut?

A

Broad spectrum antibacterial agents.

22
Q

What the iatrogenic ways to immunosuppres host defences?

A

Steroids
Anti-cancer chemotherapy
Solid-organ transplantation

23
Q

What are the disease processes to immunosuppres host defences?

A

AIDS
Leukaemia
Endocrinopathies

24
Q

What are most candida species infections?

A

Endogenous

25
Q

What are the main 3 candida infections?

A

Candida albicans
Tropicalis
Glabrata

26
Q

What are the 3 main human diseases caused by candida infections?

A

Oral infections
Vaginal infections
Skin infections

27
Q

Are candida spp yeast or bacteria?

A

Yeast

28
Q

What can candida infections cause in immunocompromised hosts?

A

Disseminated infections

29
Q

Where can chronic mucocutaneous candida infections arise?

A

In individuals with an unusual combination of endocrine and immune dysfunction.

30
Q

What are the 2 main aspergillosis species?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

Flavus

31
Q

What are the 3 main human diseases caused by aspergillosis species?

A

Simple asthma
Asthma with eosinophilia
Aspergilloma

32
Q

Are aspergillus spp bacteria or moulds?

A

Moulds

33
Q

How do aspergillosis infections occur?

A

Inhalation of conidia.

34
Q

How can aspergillosis infections be seen in the lungs?

A

Thread like substance.

35
Q

What are the 2 main cyptococcosis species?

A

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Gattii

36
Q

What are the 3 human diseases associated with cryptococcosis infections?

A

Pulmonary cryptococcosis
Meningitis
Disseminated infection

37
Q

What are 2 direct detection diagnostic methods?

A

Histopathology

CT Scans

38
Q

What are 4 diagnostic methods excluding direct detection?

A

Detection of circulating fungal antigens
Detection of circulating antibodies
PCR
Culture of fungus

39
Q

Why are lifesaving antifungals disadvantageous?

A

Toxic
Resistance
Cost

40
Q

Name the 3 types of antifungal agents.

A

Polyenes
Azoles
Echinocandins

Principles of Disease (42 decks)

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